Women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of what?
ADH
Natriuretic peptide
Oxytocin
Aldosterone
The Correct Answer is D
A. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) promotes water retention by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Estrogen does not mimic the action of ADH.
B. Natriuretic peptide promote sodium excretion, which leads to water loss, not retention. Estrogen does not mimic this action.
C. Oxytocin is primarily involved in labor and lactation, not water retention. Estrogen does not mimic oxytocin's effects.
D. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention by increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Estrogen can mimic the action of aldosterone, leading to water retention during certain phases of the menstrual cycle.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. It stimulates angiotensin II secretion: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) does not directly stimulate angiotensin II secretion; instead, it acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption.
B. It promotes water conservation: ADH promotes water conservation by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output, and thus helping to maintain fluid balance.
C. It inhibits salivation and thirst: ADH does not inhibit salivation or thirst; in fact, it can increase thirst to encourage fluid intake when dehydration is detected.
D. It stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors: While ADH affects hypothalamic osmoreceptors indirectly by promoting water retention, its primary function is to act on the kidneys to conserve water.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Amino acids; proteins: Amino acids are the end products of protein digestion, not the substrates that are broken down.
B. Polysaccharides; amino acids: Polysaccharides are broken down into simple sugars (monosaccharides), not amino acids.
C. Proteins; nucleotides: Proteins are broken down into amino acids, not nucleotides. Nucleotides are components of nucleic acids, not proteins.
D. Nucleic acids; nucleotides: Nucleic acids (such as DNA and RNA) are broken down into nucleotides.