While obtaining a client’s health history related to smoking cigarettes, the nurse plans to determine the client’s smoking pack years. What information should the nurse obtain for this calculation? Select all that apply.
Packs of cigarettes smoked per day.
Number of attempts to quit smoking.
Client’s current age.
Age when the client started smoking.
Number of years the client smoked.
Correct Answer : A,D,E
Choice A rationale
Packs of cigarettes smoked per day is essential information for calculating smoking pack years.
Choice B rationale
The number of attempts to quit smoking is not required for calculating smoking pack years.
Choice C rationale
The client’s current age is not required for calculating smoking pack years.
Choice D rationale
The age when the client started smoking is necessary to determine the total number of years smoked.
Choice E rationale
The number of years the client smoked is essential for calculating smoking pack years.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Demonstrating signs of early dementia involves more than just walking aimlessly and staring blankly. It includes memory loss, difficulty with complex tasks, and changes in personality or behavior.
Choice B rationale
Appearing confused and depressed is a subjective interpretation and does not accurately describe the observed behavior. Documentation should be objective and specific.
Choice C rationale
Ambulatory and disoriented to place is a partial description but does not capture the full extent of the observed behavior, including the blank expression.
Choice D rationale
Wandering behavior with flat affect accurately describes the observed behavior. It is specific and objective, noting both the physical action (wandering) and the emotional state (flat affect).
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Placing a mark where the DP pulse is auscultated can help in future assessments but does not address the immediate need to locate the pulse.
Choice B rationale
Using a Doppler to assess an audible DP pulse is the correct answer. A Doppler ultrasound device is helpful when it is impossible or difficult to assess a pulse or when pulses are not palpable.
Choice C rationale
Assessing capillary refill distal to the DP pulse is important but should be done after attempting to locate the pulse with a Doppler.
Choice D rationale
Reviewing the client’s history for vascular disease is essential for understanding the underlying cause but does not address the immediate need to locate the pulse.