While obtaining a client’s health history related to smoking cigarettes, the nurse plans to determine the client’s smoking pack years. What information should the nurse obtain for this calculation? Select all that apply.
Packs of cigarettes smoked per day.
Number of attempts to quit smoking.
Client’s current age.
Age when the client started smoking.
Number of years the client smoked.
Correct Answer : A,D,E
Choice A rationale
Packs of cigarettes smoked per day is essential information for calculating smoking pack years.
Choice B rationale
The number of attempts to quit smoking is not required for calculating smoking pack years.
Choice C rationale
The client’s current age is not required for calculating smoking pack years.
Choice D rationale
The age when the client started smoking is necessary to determine the total number of years smoked.
Choice E rationale
The number of years the client smoked is essential for calculating smoking pack years.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Fissuring refers to deep cracks or splits in the skin. While it can occur in various skin conditions, it is not a typical manifestation of an allergic reaction to an insect bite.
Choice B rationale
Excoriation refers to a scratch or abrasion on the surface of the skin, often resulting from scratching due to itching. While this can occur secondary to an allergic reaction, it is not a primary characteristic of such reactions.
Choice C rationale
Papules are small, raised, solid bumps on the skin that are typically less than 1 centimeter in diameter. They can be a result of various skin conditions, but they are not specifically associated with allergic reactions to insect bites.
Choice D rationale
Wheals, also known as hives or urticaria, are raised, red or skin-colored welts on the skin that often itch and can appear rapidly in response to an allergen such as an insect bite. They are a characteristic feature of allergic reactions and are caused by the release of histamine.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Increasing the intake of red meat is not advisable for clients with elevated serum uric acid levels, as red meat is high in purines, which can exacerbate gout symptoms.
Choice B rationale
Splinting the affected joint may provide temporary relief from pain, but it does not address the underlying issue of elevated serum uric acid levels.
Choice C rationale
Encouraging fluid intake is essential for clients with elevated serum uric acid levels, as it helps to dilute the urine and promote the excretion of uric acid, reducing the risk of gout attacks.
Choice D rationale
Measuring urine output is important for monitoring kidney function, but it does not directly address the management of elevated serum uric acid levels.