While obtaining a client’s health history related to smoking cigarettes, the nurse plans to determine the client’s smoking pack years. What information should the nurse obtain for this calculation? Select all that apply.
Packs of cigarettes smoked per day.
Number of attempts to quit smoking.
Client’s current age.
Age when the client started smoking.
Number of years the client smoked.
Correct Answer : A,D,E
Choice A rationale
Packs of cigarettes smoked per day is essential information for calculating smoking pack years.
Choice B rationale
The number of attempts to quit smoking is not required for calculating smoking pack years.
Choice C rationale
The client’s current age is not required for calculating smoking pack years.
Choice D rationale
The age when the client started smoking is necessary to determine the total number of years smoked.
Choice E rationale
The number of years the client smoked is essential for calculating smoking pack years.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
ChoiceArationale
Abenignvariationwouldnottypicallypresentwithapatternofdullnessextendingfromthe 5th left intercostal space to the 2nd left intercostal space at the sternal border. This pattern suggests an abnormality rather than a benign variation.
ChoiceBrationale
Cardiacenlargementisindicatedbyanareaofdullnessextendingfromthe5thleftintercostal space to the 2nd left intercostal space at the sternal border. This finding suggests an enlarged heart, which can be due to conditions such as cardiomegaly or left ventricular hypertrophy.
ChoiceCrationale
Cardiacatrophyrefersto adecreaseinthesizeormassoftheheartmuscle,resultingina smaller than normal heart. The described findings indicate dullness extending upward, suggesting an enlargement rather than atrophy of the heart.
ChoiceDrationale
Anexpectedfindingwouldnottypicallypresentwiththedescribedpatternofdullness.The normal area of cardiac dullness is more limited and does not extend as described.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The description of pulse volume (4+ and 0) is not appropriate for documenting a bruit. A bruit is an abnormal sound heard over an artery, indicating turbulent blood flow, not pulse volume.
Choice B rationale
A bruit is an abnormal sound heard over an artery due to turbulent blood flow, often caused by atherosclerosis. The presence of a bruit in the left carotid artery and the absence of sound in the right carotid artery should be documented as such.
Choice C rationale
While a bruit can indicate partial occlusion of an artery, it does not confirm complete occlusion. Complete occlusion would typically result in the absence of blood flow and no sound. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice D rationale
The presence of a bruit does not necessarily indicate a strong pulse. It indicates turbulent blood flow, which is often due to narrowing or partial blockage of the artery. This choice is incorrect