Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
Glomerulus
Collecting duct
Nephron loop (loop of Henle)
Proximal convoluted tubule
The Correct Answer is B
A. Glomerulus is involved in filtering blood but not in producing hypertonic urine.
B. Collecting duct reabsorbs water and concentrates urine, making it hypertonic.
C. Nephron loop (loop of Henle) creates a concentration gradient in the medulla that helps in water reabsorption but is not the primary site for final urine concentration. This option is partially correct but less specific than the collecting duct.
D. Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs a significant portion of water and solutes but does not produce hypertonic urine.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. K+: Potassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF). This is the correct answer.
B. Ca2+: Calcium (Ca2+) is not the most abundant cation in the ICF; it is found in lower concentrations within cells compared to potassium.
C. Cl-: Chloride (Cl-) is the most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid (ECF), not in the intracellular fluid.
D. Na: Sodium (Na) is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF), not in the intracellular fluid.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Small intestine; small intestine: Both amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, and fatty acids are also absorbed in the small intestine, where they are reassembled into triglycerides and incorporated into chylomicrons.
B. Small intestine; liver: Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, but fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine, not directly in the liver.
C. Stomach; small intestine: Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, not the stomach, and fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine, not the stomach.
D. Stomach; large intestine: Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, and fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine, not the stomach or large intestine.