Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
Glomerulus
Collecting duct
Nephron loop (loop of Henle)
Proximal convoluted tubule
The Correct Answer is B
A. Glomerulus is involved in filtering blood but not in producing hypertonic urine.
B. Collecting duct reabsorbs water and concentrates urine, making it hypertonic.
C. Nephron loop (loop of Henle) creates a concentration gradient in the medulla that helps in water reabsorption but is not the primary site for final urine concentration. This option is partially correct but less specific than the collecting duct.
D. Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs a significant portion of water and solutes but does not produce hypertonic urine.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Minerals are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, not through lacteals.
B. Glucose is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through capillaries, not through lacteals.
C. Amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream through capillaries, not through lacteals.
D. Triglycerides are absorbed by the lacteals in the small intestine. Lacteals are lymphatic vessels that transport absorbed lipids (including triglycerides) from the digestive tract.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, aiding in lung expansion, but it does not directly stimulate breathing.
B. CO2 accumulating in the infant's blood: The accumulation of CO2 in the infant's blood is a significant stimulus for the first breath after birth. High levels of CO2 trigger the infant's respiratory centers to start breathing.
C. Prostaglandins are involved in labor and delivery but do not directly stimulate breathing in the newborn.
D. An increased O2 level in the infant's new environment: Increased O2 levels do not directly stimulate breathing; rather, the accumulation of CO2 is the primary stimulus.