Which patient should be advised by the nurse to avoid over-the-counter cold and allergy preparations that contain phenylephrine?
A 47-year-old female with hypertension
A 52-year-old male with adult-onset diabetes
A 17-year-old female with symptoms of an upper respiratory infection
A 62-year-old male with gout
The Correct Answer is A
A. Phenylephrine is a decongestant that can raise blood pressure, making it contraindicated for individuals with hypertension. Advising a patient with hypertension to avoid phenylephrine is essential to prevent potential cardiovascular complications.
B. While patients with diabetes should be cautious about certain medications, phenylephrine is not specifically contraindicated in this condition.
C. A 17-year-old female with an upper respiratory infection typically does not have contraindications for phenylephrine unless there are underlying conditions not mentioned.
D. Gout does not have a direct contraindication for phenylephrine use, so the patient may not need to avoid it unless other health issues are present.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Using combination therapy may be beneficial in some cases but is not the first step in ensuring the most appropriate drug is chosen for a specific pathogen.
B. Obtaining sensitivity testing is essential to determine the specific antibiotic to which the pathogen is susceptible, ensuring effective treatment.
C. Checking client allergies is important to prevent adverse reactions but does not directly address whether the chosen drug is appropriate for the pathogen.
D. Evaluating the bactericidal effects is part of assessing the treatment's effectiveness, but it should follow sensitivity testing to determine the correct medication.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Take the drug on an empty stomach is correct because tetracycline should be taken without food for optimal absorption, ideally 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
B. Take the drug along with a meal is incorrect as it can reduce the absorption of tetracycline.
C. Take the drug along with milk or fruit juice is incorrect because calcium and magnesium can bind to tetracycline, decreasing its effectiveness.
D. Take the drug immediately after meals is also incorrect as food can hinder absorption, making this timing ineffective for treatment.