Which patient should be advised by the nurse to avoid over-the-counter cold and allergy preparations that contain phenylephrine?
A 47-year-old female with hypertension
A 52-year-old male with adult-onset diabetes
A 17-year-old female with symptoms of an upper respiratory infection
A 62-year-old male with gout
The Correct Answer is A
A. Phenylephrine is a decongestant that can raise blood pressure, making it contraindicated for individuals with hypertension. Advising a patient with hypertension to avoid phenylephrine is essential to prevent potential cardiovascular complications.
B. While patients with diabetes should be cautious about certain medications, phenylephrine is not specifically contraindicated in this condition.
C. A 17-year-old female with an upper respiratory infection typically does not have contraindications for phenylephrine unless there are underlying conditions not mentioned.
D. Gout does not have a direct contraindication for phenylephrine use, so the patient may not need to avoid it unless other health issues are present.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. It has a peak effect of 4-6 hours is incorrect; short-acting insulin typically peaks between 2 to 3 hours after administration.
B. It should be given once daily in the evening is incorrect; short-acting insulin is usually administered before meals, not as a once-daily dose.
C. It starts to take effect within 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration is correct; this timing is critical for managing blood glucose levels during meals.
D. It has a duration of action of 24 hours is incorrect; short-acting insulin usually has a duration of about 3 to 6 hours.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that can raise blood pressure and cause increased heart rate, so it is essential to assess the patient’s history of hypertension before starting this medication.
B. While a dry cough may be relevant for other medications, it is not a primary concern when assessing for the use of pseudoephedrine.
C. Recent use of antibiotics is not directly related to the safety of using pseudoephedrine and is not a typical concern.
D. A history of seizures is not a specific contraindication for using pseudoephedrine, although it may warrant caution in some cases.