Which of the following statements regarding idiopathic neuropathy is true?
Idiopathic neuropathy has no known cause.
Idiopathic neuropathy is hereditary in nature.
Idiopathic neuropathy is caused by nutritional deficits.
Idiopathic neuropathy is caused by disease or illness.
The Correct Answer is A
A) Idiopathic neuropathy has no known cause: This statement is accurate, as idiopathic neuropathy refers to nerve damage for which no specific cause can be identified despite thorough investigation. The term "idiopathic" literally means "of unknown origin," indicating that the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
B) Idiopathic neuropathy is hereditary in nature: While some neuropathies can be hereditary, idiopathic neuropathy itself is not classified as hereditary since it lacks a defined genetic cause. Hereditary neuropathies are specific types that have a genetic basis.
C) Idiopathic neuropathy is caused by nutritional deficits: Nutritional deficits can lead to various types of neuropathy, but idiopathic neuropathy specifically is characterized by the absence of a known cause. Therefore, attributing it to nutritional deficits would be incorrect.
D) Idiopathic neuropathy is caused by disease or illness: While certain diseases can cause neuropathy, the key characteristic of idiopathic neuropathy is that no specific disease or illness has been identified as the cause. This differentiates it from other neuropathies that are secondary to identifiable conditions.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Friction rubs: These sounds are typically heard over the liver or spleen and indicate inflammation of the peritoneal surface. They are not standard findings during routine abdominal auscultation and are more specific to certain conditions.
B) Crepitus: This term refers to a crackling or popping sound often associated with joint movement or subcutaneous air and is not related to abdominal auscultation. It is not something a nurse would expect to hear when listening to bowel sounds.
C) Bruits: These are abnormal sounds that indicate turbulent blood flow, typically assessed over blood vessels rather than the abdomen itself. While they can be detected in some abdominal conditions, they are not the primary sounds expected during routine abdominal auscultation.
D) High pitched gurgling: This is characteristic of normal bowel sounds and indicates active peristalsis. High-pitched, gurgling sounds are a common finding during abdominal auscultation, reflecting the movement of gas and fluids in the intestines. This is what the nurse would expect to hear when assessing the abdomen.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Stiff neck and shoulder pain: This symptom is very common in clients with a herniated cervical disc. The herniation can lead to irritation or compression of nearby nerves, resulting in localized pain in the neck and shoulder region. Clients often report this discomfort as one of their primary concerns.
B) Cauda equina syndrome: This serious condition arises from compression of the cauda equina, which occurs in the lower lumbar region of the spine, not the cervical area. Therefore, it is not a typical symptom of a cervical disc herniation.
C) Changes in knee and ankle reflexes: These changes are more associated with lumbar spine issues. While cervical disc problems can affect reflexes, they typically do not present as changes in lower limb reflexes, which are primarily linked to lower back conditions.
D) Sciatica: This term usually refers to pain that radiates down the leg due to compression of the sciatic nerve, often associated with lumbar disc herniation. It is not a common symptom of cervical disc herniation, which affects the neck and upper extremities.