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Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of the newborn immune system?

A.

Newborns are born with fully developed immune responses capable of independently fighting infections from birth.

B.

Newborns have a mature gut microbiome that supports their immune system immediately after birth.

C.

Newborns rely solely on their innate immune system without any contribution from maternal antibodies.

D.

Newborns receive passive immunity through the placenta and colostrum, but their own immune system is not fully functional until several months of age.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

 

Newborns are not born with fully developed immune responses. Their immune system is immature and continues to develop after birth. They rely on maternal antibodies for initial protection.

 

Choice B rationale

 

Newborns do not have a mature gut microbiome immediately after birth. The gut microbiome develops over time and is influenced by factors such as breastfeeding and exposure to the environment.

 

Choice C rationale

 

Newborns do not rely solely on their innate immune system. They receive passive immunity from maternal antibodies transferred through the placenta and colostrum, which provides initial protection against infections.

 

Choice D rationale

 

Newborns receive passive immunity through the placenta and colostrum, but their own immune system is not fully functional until several months of age. This passive immunity helps protect them from infections during the early months of life.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Faint red marks on the plantar surface are more common in preterm infants and are not typically seen in post-term infants.

Choice B rationale

Copious vernix is usually seen in preterm infants. Post-term infants often have little to no vernix.

Choice C rationale

Dry, cracked skin is a common finding in post-term infants due to prolonged exposure to the amniotic fluid.

Choice D rationale

Scant scalp hair is more common in preterm infants. Post-term infants usually have more developed hair.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Applying a 1-2 cm ribbon from outer to inner canthus is incorrect because it increases the risk of contamination and infection by moving from a less clean area to a more clean area.

Choice B rationale

Applying a 2-3 inch ribbon from inner to outer canthus is incorrect because the length of the ribbon is too long and the direction is not recommended for preventing contamination.

Choice C rationale

Applying a 1-2 cm ribbon from inner to outer canthus is correct as it minimizes the risk of contamination by moving from a cleaner area to a less clean area, ensuring proper application of the ointment.

Choice D rationale

Applying a 1-2 inch ribbon to the upper eyelid is incorrect because the upper eyelid is not the recommended site for application, and the length of the ribbon is too long.

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