Which of the following statements about Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnancy is true?
GBS can only be transmitted to the baby during cesarean delivery.
GBS is a common bacterium found in the vaginal flora of women and is harmless in all cases.
Screening for GBS is typically performed at the first prenatal visit.
Intravenous antibiotics during labor are recommended for GBS-positive mothers to prevent neonatal infection.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
GBS can be transmitted to the baby during both vaginal and cesarean deliveries if the mother is colonized with the bacteria. It is not limited to cesarean sections, hence why appropriate screening and treatment are essential.
Choice B rationale
GBS, although often harmless in the general population, can cause severe infections in newborns. This bacterium can be a source of severe neonatal infections like sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, necessitating preventive measures during pregnancy and delivery.
Choice C rationale
Screening for GBS is typically performed between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation, not at the first prenatal visit. This timing ensures accurate detection of the bacteria closer to the time of delivery.
Choice D rationale
Intravenous antibiotics during labor are recommended for mothers who test positive for GBS to prevent transmission to the baby. This intervention significantly reduces the risk of neonatal GBS infection.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A maternal blood pressure of 128/88 mm Hg is within normal limits for a pregnant woman. Regular monitoring is necessary, but no immediate follow-up is required unless symptoms
of preeclampsia appear.
Choice B rationale
A fetal heart rate baseline of 115 bpm is within the normal range (110-160 bpm). This does not require immediate follow-up and is a reassuring sign of fetal well-being.
Choice C rationale
A maternal heart rate of 128 bpm is elevated (tachycardia) and may indicate distress, infection, dehydration, or other underlying conditions. This requires immediate follow-up to identify and address the cause.
Choice D rationale
A maternal respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute is within the normal range (12-20 breaths per minute) and does not require immediate follow-up.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Pelvic pain and fatigue can be indicators of endometritis, an infection of the uterine lining. It often manifests with pain, fever, and general malaise, and requires further evaluation and intervention.
Choice B rationale
Light amount of dark red lochia with a bloody odor is a normal postpartum finding. Lochia progresses through different stages, and dark red lochia, which occurs in the later stages, typically has a bloody odor.
Choice C rationale
Hematuria, or the presence of blood in the urine, is not a typical symptom of endometritis. It may indicate a urinary tract infection or other renal issues instead.
Choice D rationale
A localized area of breast tenderness may indicate mastitis, an infection of the breast tissue. It is not related to endometritis but requires attention and treatment.