Which of the following statements about Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnancy is true?
GBS can only be transmitted to the baby during cesarean delivery.
GBS is a common bacterium found in the vaginal flora of women and is harmless in all cases.
Screening for GBS is typically performed at the first prenatal visit.
Intravenous antibiotics during labor are recommended for GBS-positive mothers to prevent neonatal infection.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
GBS can be transmitted to the baby during both vaginal and cesarean deliveries if the mother is colonized with the bacteria. It is not limited to cesarean sections, hence why appropriate screening and treatment are essential.
Choice B rationale
GBS, although often harmless in the general population, can cause severe infections in newborns. This bacterium can be a source of severe neonatal infections like sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, necessitating preventive measures during pregnancy and delivery.
Choice C rationale
Screening for GBS is typically performed between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation, not at the first prenatal visit. This timing ensures accurate detection of the bacteria closer to the time of delivery.
Choice D rationale
Intravenous antibiotics during labor are recommended for mothers who test positive for GBS to prevent transmission to the baby. This intervention significantly reduces the risk of neonatal GBS infection.
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Explanation
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Step 2 is: October 24 - 3 months = July 24.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Uteroplacental insufficiency leads to late decelerations, which are characterized by a gradual decrease in fetal heart rate after the peak of a contraction. This indicates compromised blood flow between the uterus and placenta, affecting the fetus.
Choice B rationale
Umbilical cord compression usually causes variable decelerations, not late decelerations.
Choice C rationale
Maternal bradycardia does not cause changes in fetal heart rate patterns like late decelerations.
Choice D rationale
Fetal head compression causes early decelerations, which coincide with contractions, not late decelerations.