Which of the following signs are commonly associated with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)? (Select All that Apply.)
Orthostatic hypotension
Bradycardia
Decreased skin turgor
Weight gain
Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer : A,C
A. Orthostatic hypotension is a common sign of hypovolemia, as the lack of fluid volume can lead to a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.
B. Bradycardia is not typically associated with fluid volume deficit; tachycardia is more common as the body tries to compensate for low blood volume.
C. Decreased skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration and fluid volume deficit, indicating reduced skin elasticity.
D. Weight gain is associated with fluid volume overload, not deficit.
E. Pulmonary edema is related to fluid volume overload or congestive heart failure, not hypovolemia.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. DIC is characterized by a low platelet count due to the consumption of platelets in the coagulation process, not an elevated count.
B. While heparin may be used in the management of DIC in some cases, it is not a lifelong treatment nor a cure for the condition, as DIC results from an underlying condition rather than being a standalone disease.
C. DIC involves the overactivation of the coagulation cascade, leading to the formation of fibrin clots and subsequent consumption of clotting factors and platelets, thus making this statement accurate.
D. DIC is not a genetic disorder but rather a complication often associated with severe infections, trauma, or other conditions, and it is not primarily due to vitamin K deficiency.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Gingivitis is a form of gum disease that can occur in anyone, but it is not specifically related to low CD4-T-cell counts associated with AIDS.
B. Candidiasis, also known as oral thrush, is a fungal infection caused by Candida species. Clients with a significantly decreased CD4-T-cell count are at high risk for opportunistic infections, including candidiasis, due to their compromised immune systems.
C. Xerostomia refers to dry mouth, which can occur for various reasons but is not specifically an infectious condition linked to low CD4 counts.
D. Halitosis, or bad breath, can result from several factors, including poor oral hygiene or underlying health issues, but is not specifically linked to the immune status of a client with AIDS.