Which of the following signs are commonly associated with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)? (Select All that Apply.)
Orthostatic hypotension
Bradycardia
Decreased skin turgor
Weight gain
Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer : A,C
A. Orthostatic hypotension is a common sign of hypovolemia, as the lack of fluid volume can lead to a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.
B. Bradycardia is not typically associated with fluid volume deficit; tachycardia is more common as the body tries to compensate for low blood volume.
C. Decreased skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration and fluid volume deficit, indicating reduced skin elasticity.
D. Weight gain is associated with fluid volume overload, not deficit.
E. Pulmonary edema is related to fluid volume overload or congestive heart failure, not hypovolemia.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Muscle weakness and confusion are more commonly associated with metabolic or mixed acid-base disturbances rather than respiratory alkalosis specifically.
B. Decreased deep tendon reflexes and hypotension are not typical signs of respiratory alkalosis, which usually involves changes in breathing patterns.
C. Bradycardia and decreased respiratory rate are more likely associated with respiratory acidosis or other conditions, not with respiratory alkalosis.
D. Rapid, shallow breathing, often due to anxiety or panic attacks, is characteristic of respiratory alkalosis. Patients may also report feelings of panic due to the hyperventilation that leads to this condition.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increasing the infusion rate may exacerbate the patient's symptoms and does not address the potential toxicity from the furosemide.
B. Normal potassium levels indicate that potassium supplementation is unnecessary and does not address the dizziness and ringing in the ears, which could suggest ototoxicity from furosemide.
C. While reassurance can help, the patient's symptoms indicate a potential adverse reaction to the medication that should not be ignored.
D. Stopping the furosemide infusion and notifying the provider is the most appropriate action due to the risk of ototoxicity and the need for further evaluation of the patient's symptoms.