Which of the following signs are commonly associated with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)? (Select All that Apply.)
Orthostatic hypotension
Bradycardia
Decreased skin turgor
Weight gain
Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer : A,C
A. Orthostatic hypotension is a common sign of hypovolemia, as the lack of fluid volume can lead to a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.
B. Bradycardia is not typically associated with fluid volume deficit; tachycardia is more common as the body tries to compensate for low blood volume.
C. Decreased skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration and fluid volume deficit, indicating reduced skin elasticity.
D. Weight gain is associated with fluid volume overload, not deficit.
E. Pulmonary edema is related to fluid volume overload or congestive heart failure, not hypovolemia.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
A. Orthostatic hypotension is a common sign of hypovolemia, as the lack of fluid volume can lead to a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.
B. Bradycardia is not typically associated with fluid volume deficit; tachycardia is more common as the body tries to compensate for low blood volume.
C. Decreased skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration and fluid volume deficit, indicating reduced skin elasticity.
D. Weight gain is associated with fluid volume overload, not deficit.
E. Pulmonary edema is related to fluid volume overload or congestive heart failure, not hypovolemia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH (7.32) and an elevated PaCO2 (48 mm Hg), indicating that the body is unable to eliminate CO2 effectively, leading to acid retention. The HCO3 level is within normal limits, suggesting that there is not a metabolic compensation occurring yet.
B. Metabolic alkalosis would present with a high pH and elevated bicarbonate levels, which is not the case here.
C. Respiratory alkalosis typically shows a high pH and low PaCO2, indicating hyperventilation, which does not align with the current findings.
D. Metabolic acidosis would show a low pH with a low HCO3, which is not supported by the HCO3 level of 23 mEq/L in this case.