Which of the following signs are commonly associated with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)? (Select All that Apply.)
Orthostatic hypotension
Bradycardia
Decreased skin turgor
Weight gain
Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer : A,C
A. Orthostatic hypotension is a common sign of hypovolemia, as the lack of fluid volume can lead to a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.
B. Bradycardia is not typically associated with fluid volume deficit; tachycardia is more common as the body tries to compensate for low blood volume.
C. Decreased skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration and fluid volume deficit, indicating reduced skin elasticity.
D. Weight gain is associated with fluid volume overload, not deficit.
E. Pulmonary edema is related to fluid volume overload or congestive heart failure, not hypovolemia.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The CD4-T-cell count of 180 cells/mm3 is a critical measure of immune function in an HIV-positive client, indicating progression of the disease and risk for opportunistic infections. Values below 200 cells/mm3 signify the client has progressed to AIDS.
B. A positive Western blot test confirms the presence of HIV but does not indicate the immediate health risk or necessary interventions.
C. A platelet count of 150,000/mm3 is within the normal range, thus not indicative of any urgent concerns.
D. A WBC count of 5,000/mm3 is also within normal limits and does not highlight an immediate issue that needs addressing compared to the CD4 count.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Cortisol levels are not directly affected by furosemide; monitoring for adrenal function is not a priority.
B. Bicarbonate levels are not specifically monitored for clients on furosemide; this medication's main effect does not relate directly to bicarbonate balance.
C. Albumin levels are not primarily affected by furosemide; although low albumin can affect fluid status, it is not the critical monitoring focus.
D. Potassium levels should be monitored because furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to hypokalemia, which is a common and significant side effect due to increased renal excretion of potassium.