Which of the following signs are commonly associated with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)? (Select All that Apply.)
Orthostatic hypotension
Bradycardia
Decreased skin turgor
Weight gain
Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer : A,C
A. Orthostatic hypotension is a common sign of hypovolemia, as the lack of fluid volume can lead to a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.
B. Bradycardia is not typically associated with fluid volume deficit; tachycardia is more common as the body tries to compensate for low blood volume.
C. Decreased skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration and fluid volume deficit, indicating reduced skin elasticity.
D. Weight gain is associated with fluid volume overload, not deficit.
E. Pulmonary edema is related to fluid volume overload or congestive heart failure, not hypovolemia.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Stridor is a high-pitched sound indicating upper airway obstruction and is a critical sign of anaphylaxis requiring immediate intervention to secure the airway.
B. Hypotension is a serious condition that occurs during anaphylaxis, but the priority is to address the airway obstruction first.
C. Urticaria (hives) is a common symptom of an allergic reaction but is not life-threatening and can be addressed after more severe symptoms.
D. Vomiting may occur during anaphylaxis but is not the most urgent finding when airway compromise is present.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Blood pressure does not increase during anaphylaxis; instead, it typically decreases due to vasodilation and fluid leakage.
B. During anaphylaxis, blood vessels become more permeable, leading to the release of fluids into the tissues, which causes swelling and contributes to hypotension.
C. Blood vessels do not constrict during anaphylaxis; rather, they dilate as a part of the allergic response, resulting in decreased blood pressure.
D. While there is an immune response during anaphylaxis, white blood cells are not destroyed; rather, they are activated to respond to the allergen, leading to inflammation and other systemic effects.