Which of the following provides fetal nutrition and secretes hormones that regulate pregnancy and fetal development
The endometrium
The placenta
The blastocyst
The myometrium
The Correct Answer is B
A. The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that supports the embryo after implantation, but it does not provide direct fetal nutrition or secrete hormones for fetal development.
B. The placenta is the organ that provides fetal nutrition, gas exchange, and waste removal. It also secretes hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estrogen, which are essential for maintaining pregnancy and supporting fetal development.
C. The blastocyst is the early stage of the embryo that implants into the endometrium, but it does not provide fetal nutrition or secrete pregnancy-regulating hormones.
D. The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus responsible for contractions during labor, but it does not provide fetal nutrition or secrete hormones.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Liver; small intestine: Carbohydrate and protein digestion do not begin in the liver or the small intestine. The liver is involved in metabolism but not in the initial digestion of carbohydrates or proteins.
B. Mouth; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase, while protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin.
C. Small intestine; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and not the small intestine. Protein digestion starts in the stomach, not the small intestine.
D. Mouth; small intestine: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, but protein digestion begins in the stomach, not the small intestine.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Fundus is the upper part of the stomach, which does not regulate the flow of contents to the duodenum.
B. Gastric rugae are folds in the stomach lining that allow for expansion but do not regulate the flow of contents to the duodenum.
C. Pyloric sphincter controls the flow of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the duodenum.
D. Antrum is the lower portion of the stomach that helps in mixing and grinding food but does not directly regulate its flow to the duodenum.