Which of the following provides fetal nutrition and secretes hormones that regulate pregnancy and fetal development
The endometrium
The placenta
The blastocyst
The myometrium
The Correct Answer is B
A. The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that supports the embryo after implantation, but it does not provide direct fetal nutrition or secrete hormones for fetal development.
B. The placenta is the organ that provides fetal nutrition, gas exchange, and waste removal. It also secretes hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estrogen, which are essential for maintaining pregnancy and supporting fetal development.
C. The blastocyst is the early stage of the embryo that implants into the endometrium, but it does not provide fetal nutrition or secrete pregnancy-regulating hormones.
D. The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus responsible for contractions during labor, but it does not provide fetal nutrition or secrete hormones.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein: The major chemical buffer systems in the body are the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. These buffers help maintain pH balance in the blood and other fluids.
B. The urinary and digestive: The urinary and digestive systems are involved in excretion and digestion, not buffering.
C. The bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein: Nucleic acids are not major buffering systems in the body; the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein systems are the primary ones.
D. The urinary and respiratory systems play roles in regulating acid-base balance through excretion and gas exchange but are not chemical buffer systems themselves.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Renal corpuscle: Blood plasma is filtered in the renal corpuscle, which includes the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
B. Renal capsule: The renal capsule is the outer protective layer of the kidney and does not filter blood plasma.
C. Renal tubule: The renal tubule is involved in reabsorption and secretion, not in the initial filtration of blood plasma.
D. Renal column: The renal column is a structural part of the kidney, not involved in filtering blood plasma.