Which of the following occurs when blood volume and pressure become too high?
The renal tubules reabsorb more water.
The kidneys produce less urine.
ADH release is inhibited.
The renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
The Correct Answer is C
A. The renal tubules reabsorb more water. If blood volume and pressure are too high, the body would aim to reduce them, not increase them further. Reabsorbing more water would increase blood volume.
B. The kidneys produce less urine. To lower blood volume and pressure, the kidneys would increase urine production, not decrease it.
C. ADH release is inhibited: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume and pressure. When blood volume and pressure are too high, the body inhibits ADH release to promote water excretion and lower blood volume and pressure.
D. The renal tubules reabsorb more sodium. Reabsorbing more sodium would lead to water retention, increasing blood volume and pressure, which is the opposite of what the body needs when blood volume and pressure are already high.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Liver; small intestine: Carbohydrate and protein digestion do not begin in the liver or the small intestine. The liver is involved in metabolism but not in the initial digestion of carbohydrates or proteins.
B. Mouth; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase, while protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin.
C. Small intestine; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and not the small intestine. Protein digestion starts in the stomach, not the small intestine.
D. Mouth; small intestine: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, but protein digestion begins in the stomach, not the small intestine.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The small intestine absorbs lipids but does not produce HDL (high-density lipoprotein).
B. The pancreas produces enzymes and hormones, but it does not produce HDL.
C. The liver is the primary organ responsible for the synthesis of HDL. HDL is involved in reverse cholesterol transport, carrying cholesterol from tissues back to the liver.
D. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile but does not produce HDL.