Which of the following occurs when blood volume and pressure become too high?
The renal tubules reabsorb more water.
The kidneys produce less urine.
ADH release is inhibited.
The renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
The Correct Answer is C
A. The renal tubules reabsorb more water. If blood volume and pressure are too high, the body would aim to reduce them, not increase them further. Reabsorbing more water would increase blood volume.
B. The kidneys produce less urine. To lower blood volume and pressure, the kidneys would increase urine production, not decrease it.
C. ADH release is inhibited: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume and pressure. When blood volume and pressure are too high, the body inhibits ADH release to promote water excretion and lower blood volume and pressure.
D. The renal tubules reabsorb more sodium. Reabsorbing more sodium would lead to water retention, increasing blood volume and pressure, which is the opposite of what the body needs when blood volume and pressure are already high.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Wastes; nutrients and oxygen: Wastes pass from the fetal blood to the maternal blood, and nutrients and oxygen pass from the maternal blood to the fetal blood.
B. Oxygen and nutrients; wastes: Oxygen and nutrients pass from maternal blood to fetal blood, and wastes pass from fetal blood to maternal blood.
C. Wastes and nutrients; oxygen and carbon dioxide: Nutrients and oxygen pass from maternal to fetal blood, while wastes and carbon dioxide pass from fetal to maternal blood. This option is incorrect because it lists wastes and nutrients incorrectly.
D. Carbon dioxide; nutrients: Carbon dioxide and other wastes pass from fetal to maternal blood, while nutrients pass from maternal to fetal blood.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Estrogen is a hormone involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, but it is not the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.
B. Luteinizing hormone (LH) surges just before ovulation but is not the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.
C. Progesterone supports pregnancy by maintaining the uterine lining, but it is not the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.
D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone produced by the placenta shortly after implantation, and it is the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.