Which of the following occurs when blood volume and pressure become too high?
The renal tubules reabsorb more water.
The kidneys produce less urine.
ADH release is inhibited.
The renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
The Correct Answer is C
A. The renal tubules reabsorb more water. If blood volume and pressure are too high, the body would aim to reduce them, not increase them further. Reabsorbing more water would increase blood volume.
B. The kidneys produce less urine. To lower blood volume and pressure, the kidneys would increase urine production, not decrease it.
C. ADH release is inhibited: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume and pressure. When blood volume and pressure are too high, the body inhibits ADH release to promote water excretion and lower blood volume and pressure.
D. The renal tubules reabsorb more sodium. Reabsorbing more sodium would lead to water retention, increasing blood volume and pressure, which is the opposite of what the body needs when blood volume and pressure are already high.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Extracellular fluid (ECF) includes all the fluid outside of cells, such as interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and lymph. However, the majority of body water is found inside the cells.
B. Blood plasma and lymph are components of the extracellular fluid. Although they contain water, they do not hold the greatest volume compared to intracellular fluid.
C. Intracellular fluid (ICF) refers to the fluid within the cells, and it constitutes the largest volume of water in the body.
D. Tissue (interstitial) fluid is part of the extracellular fluid found between cells. While it contains a significant amount of water, it does not account for the greatest volume in the body.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cutaneous transpiration: While cutaneous transpiration (evaporation of sweat from the skin) contributes to water loss, it is not the primary mechanism controlling water output.
B. Drinking: Drinking affects water intake rather than output. It does not directly control how much water is excreted from the body.
C. Urine volume: Urine volume is the primary means by which the body regulates water output. The kidneys adjust urine volume to maintain fluid balance and homeostasis.
D. Sweating: Sweating contributes to water loss but is not the primary mechanism for controlling overall water output compared to urine production.