Which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCI)?
Destroy ingested pathogens
Convert Fe3+ to Fe2+
Emulsify lipids
Activate pepsinogen to pepsin
The Correct Answer is C
A. Destroy ingested pathogens: HCl in the stomach helps destroy ingested pathogens, providing a first line of defense against infections. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
B. Convert Fe3+ to Fe2+: HCl aids in the conversion of iron from its ferric (Fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+) form, which is more easily absorbed in the intestine. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
C. Emulsify lipids: Emulsification of lipids is the function of bile, not hydrochloric acid. HCl does not emulsify lipids. This is the correct answer.
D. Activate pepsinogen to pepsin: HCl activates pepsinogen, converting it to the active enzyme pepsin, which is essential for protein digestion in the stomach. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration: Metabolic water refers to the water produced during metabolic processes within the body. However, most body water intake comes from drinking fluids, not metabolic water.
B. Drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air: While drinking is indeed the main source of water intake, the greatest loss of water from the body is through urine, not cutaneous transpiration and expired air.
C. Drinking; radiation: While drinking is the primary source of water intake, radiation is not a significant way the body loses water.
D. Drinking; urine: Drinking fluids is the main source of water intake, and urine excretion is the primary way the body loses water.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Small intestine; small intestine: Both amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, and fatty acids are also absorbed in the small intestine, where they are reassembled into triglycerides and incorporated into chylomicrons.
B. Small intestine; liver: Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, but fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine, not directly in the liver.
C. Stomach; small intestine: Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, not the stomach, and fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine, not the stomach.
D. Stomach; large intestine: Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, and fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine, not the stomach or large intestine.