Which of the following is a violation of sterile technique?
Reaching over the field
Maintaining a 1-inch border around the edge of the sterile field
Holding all sterile articles at waist level
Facing the sterile field
The Correct Answer is A
A. Reaching over the field: Reaching over a sterile field can contaminate it by introducing microorganisms from outside the sterile area.
B. Maintaining a 1-inch border around the edge of the sterile field: Maintaining a 1-inch border is a standard practice to ensure that the edges of the sterile field are not contaminated.
C. Holding all sterile articles at waist level: Holding sterile articles above the waist level is the recommended practice to prevent contamination. Holding them at waist level is considered acceptable as long as the items do not touch non-sterile surfaces.
D. Facing the sterile field: Facing the sterile field while working is part of maintaining sterile technique, as it ensures that you do not accidentally move toward the sterile field and contaminate it.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bevel up with a 45° angle: A 45° angle is too steep for venipuncture; this angle is typically used for intramuscular injections.
B. Bevel down with a 45° angle: Bevel down is incorrect for venipuncture as it increases the risk of the needle piercing through the vein.
C. Bevel up with a 15° angle: This is the correct technique for venipuncture. The needle should be inserted at a 15° to 30° angle, with the bevel facing up to ensure smooth entry into the vein and minimize discomfort.
D. Bevel down with a 15° angle: Bevel down is not recommended for venipuncture because it can cause the needle to catch on the vein wall, increasing the risk of injury or complications.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Schedule I: This is correct. Schedule I drugs have no accepted medical use and have a high potential for abuse (e.g., heroin, LSD).
B. Schedule II: Schedule II drugs have accepted medical uses but also have a high potential for abuse and dependence (e.g., oxycodone, morphine).
C. Schedule III: Schedule III drugs have accepted medical uses and a lower potential for abuse compared to Schedule II (e.g., ketamine, anabolic steroids).
D. Schedule IV: Schedule IV drugs have accepted medical uses and an even lower potential for abuse (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam).