Which of the following is a violation of sterile technique?
Reaching over the field
Maintaining a 1-inch border around the edge of the sterile field
Holding all sterile articles at waist level
Facing the sterile field
The Correct Answer is A
A. Reaching over the field: Reaching over a sterile field can contaminate it by introducing microorganisms from outside the sterile area.
B. Maintaining a 1-inch border around the edge of the sterile field: Maintaining a 1-inch border is a standard practice to ensure that the edges of the sterile field are not contaminated.
C. Holding all sterile articles at waist level: Holding sterile articles above the waist level is the recommended practice to prevent contamination. Holding them at waist level is considered acceptable as long as the items do not touch non-sterile surfaces.
D. Facing the sterile field: Facing the sterile field while working is part of maintaining sterile technique, as it ensures that you do not accidentally move toward the sterile field and contaminate it.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Soak the instrument in hot water: Hot water alone does not effectively sanitize instruments; proper sanitization typically requires cleaning agents and specific processes.
B. Rinse the instrument with a 10% bleach solution: While bleach is used for disinfection, it is not a step in the initial sanitization process.
C. Soak the instrument in a 70% isopropyl alcohol solution: Alcohol is used for disinfection rather than initial sanitization.
D. Rinse the instrument under running water: Rinsing the instrument under running water is a basic step in the sanitization process to remove visible debris before further cleaning and disinfection.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Absorption: While liver dysfunction might indirectly affect drug absorption, metabolism is the primary process impacted.
B. Distribution: Liver dysfunction has less direct impact on distribution compared to metabolism.
C. Metabolism: The liver is crucial for drug metabolism, and dysfunction can significantly impact how medications are processed in the body.
D. Excretion: Excretion is primarily managed by the kidneys, although liver dysfunction can affect it indirectly.