Which of the following is a violation of sterile technique?
Reaching over the field
Maintaining a 1-inch border around the edge of the sterile field
Holding all sterile articles at waist level
Facing the sterile field
The Correct Answer is A
A. Reaching over the field: Reaching over a sterile field can contaminate it by introducing microorganisms from outside the sterile area.
B. Maintaining a 1-inch border around the edge of the sterile field: Maintaining a 1-inch border is a standard practice to ensure that the edges of the sterile field are not contaminated.
C. Holding all sterile articles at waist level: Holding sterile articles above the waist level is the recommended practice to prevent contamination. Holding them at waist level is considered acceptable as long as the items do not touch non-sterile surfaces.
D. Facing the sterile field: Facing the sterile field while working is part of maintaining sterile technique, as it ensures that you do not accidentally move toward the sterile field and contaminate it.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Cleanse the site with chlorhexidine. After cleaning with isopropyl alcohol, the site should be cleansed with chlorhexidine to ensure the skin is sterile, reducing the risk of contamination in the blood culture.
B. Prepare a wet mount slide. Preparing a wet mount slide is unrelated to blood culture venipuncture and would not be the next step in this procedure.
C. Confirm the patient’s blood type. Confirming blood type is not part of the blood culture process and is not relevant at this stage.
D. Obtain the patient’s temperature. While monitoring the patient’s temperature might be necessary for diagnostic purposes, it is not the next step in performing a blood culture venipuncture.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Blood vessel constriction: Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor, meaning it causes blood vessels to narrow, which increases blood pressure and is often used in emergency situations like anaphylaxis.
B. Calming effect: Epinephrine does not have a calming effect; it stimulates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.
C. Decrease in blood pressure: Epinephrine increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction, not a decrease.
D. Pain control: Epinephrine is not used for pain control; it is used to treat severe allergic reactions, asthma attacks, and cardiac arrest.