Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
Lactate
Carbon dioxide
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA
The Correct Answer is C
A. Lactate is produced during anaerobic metabolism (when oxygen is scarce) as a byproduct of glycolysis, but it is not the direct product of glycolysis itself.
B. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration, specifically during the Krebs cycle, not glycolysis.
C. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
D. Acetyl-CoA is formed from pyruvate during the transition step before the Krebs cycle, not directly from glycolysis.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, aiding in lung expansion, but it does not directly stimulate breathing.
B. CO2 accumulating in the infant's blood: The accumulation of CO2 in the infant's blood is a significant stimulus for the first breath after birth. High levels of CO2 trigger the infant's respiratory centers to start breathing.
C. Prostaglandins are involved in labor and delivery but do not directly stimulate breathing in the newborn.
D. An increased O2 level in the infant's new environment: Increased O2 levels do not directly stimulate breathing; rather, the accumulation of CO2 is the primary stimulus.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone: Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) of the testes to produce and secrete testosterone.
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP): Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the Sertoli cells to produce androgen-binding protein (ABP), but it does not stimulate the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone.
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP): Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the secretion of testosterone, not androgen-binding protein (ABP). ABP is stimulated by FSH.
D. Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen: Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the secretion of testosterone, not estrogen. Estrogen is primarily produced in females and also in males in smaller amounts.