Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
Lactate
Carbon dioxide
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA
The Correct Answer is C
A. Lactate is produced during anaerobic metabolism (when oxygen is scarce) as a byproduct of glycolysis, but it is not the direct product of glycolysis itself.
B. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration, specifically during the Krebs cycle, not glycolysis.
C. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
D. Acetyl-CoA is formed from pyruvate during the transition step before the Krebs cycle, not directly from glycolysis.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Posterior pituitary releases hormones such as ADH (antidiuretic hormone), but it does not have aldosterone receptors.
B. Proximal convoluted tubule is involved in reabsorption, but it does not have aldosterone receptors.
C. Distal convoluted tubule: Aldosterone receptors are found in the cells of the distal convoluted tubule. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in this part of the nephron, which helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
D. Adrenal medulla produces catecholamines (e.g., adrenaline) but does not contain aldosterone receptors.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increased urine acidity: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) primarily affects water reabsorption in the kidneys, not urine acidity. It does not have a direct effect on the acidity of the urine.
B. Increased urine volume: ADH works to conserve water by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, which decreases urine volume.
C. Increased urine salinity: While ADH does increase water reabsorption, which could concentrate the urine, its direct action is on water retention, not specifically on increasing urine salinity.
D. Decreased urine volume: ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to decreased urine output. This is the direct and correct result of ADH action.