Which of the following is a common symptom of meningitis?
Cough
Joint pain
Fever
Abdominal pain
The Correct Answer is C
A. Cough: A cough is more commonly associated with respiratory infections, not meningitis.
B. Joint pain: Joint pain is not a primary symptom of meningitis but may occur in other conditions.
C. Fever: Fever is a hallmark symptom of meningitis, reflecting the body’s immune response to infection.
D. Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain is not typically associated with meningitis.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB) Vaccine and TDAP. HIB vaccine reduces the incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, but TDAP does not target pathogens responsible for meningitis.
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV). IPV prevents polio but has no impact on meningitis incidence. PCV is correct for preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
C. DTAP and Varicella Vaccine. DTAP does not prevent bacterial meningitis, and varicella vaccine prevents chickenpox, not meningitis.
D. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) and Haemophilus Type B (HIB Vaccine). These vaccines directly prevent bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which were previously leading causes of meningitis in children.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Restrain the toddler for 1 hr after the procedure: Restraint is not appropriate post-procedure. The child should be monitored for complications but not physically restrained unless medically necessary.
B. Place the toddler in a side-lying, knee-chest position: This position flexes the spine and opens the spaces between the vertebrae, allowing for easier access to the subarachnoid space for the lumbar puncture.
C. Ask another nurse to assist with holding the toddler in a prone position: The prone position is incorrect for lumbar punctures. The side-lying, knee-chest position is standard.
D. Swaddle the toddler in a warm blanket: Swaddling may comfort the toddler but does not facilitate the lumbar puncture.