Which of the following is a common symptom of meningitis?
Cough
Joint pain
Fever
Abdominal pain
The Correct Answer is C
A. Cough: A cough is more commonly associated with respiratory infections, not meningitis.
B. Joint pain: Joint pain is not a primary symptom of meningitis but may occur in other conditions.
C. Fever: Fever is a hallmark symptom of meningitis, reflecting the body’s immune response to infection.
D. Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain is not typically associated with meningitis.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Febrile episode: Fever is a common trigger for febrile seizures in children, especially between 6 months and 5 years.
B. Low blood lead levels: Elevated, not low, blood lead levels can increase the risk of seizures due to neurotoxicity.
C. Sodium imbalance: Both hyponatremia and hypernatremia can cause seizures by disrupting neuronal function.
D. Presence of diphtheria: Diphtheria does not directly increase the risk of seizures. Neurological complications are rare and secondary.
E. Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels deprive the brain of energy, which can lead to seizures.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB) Vaccine and TDAP. HIB vaccine reduces the incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, but TDAP does not target pathogens responsible for meningitis.
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV). IPV prevents polio but has no impact on meningitis incidence. PCV is correct for preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
C. DTAP and Varicella Vaccine. DTAP does not prevent bacterial meningitis, and varicella vaccine prevents chickenpox, not meningitis.
D. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) and Haemophilus Type B (HIB Vaccine). These vaccines directly prevent bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which were previously leading causes of meningitis in children.