Which of the following has an abundance of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa and submucosa?
Small intestine
Stomach
Large intestine
Esophagus
The Correct Answer is A
A. Small intestine, particularly the ileum, contains Peyer's patches, which are abundant lymphoid tissues in the mucosa and submucosa. These structures are part of the immune system, protecting the body from pathogens in the digestive tract.
B. Stomach: While the stomach has some lymphoid tissue, it does not have as much as the small intestine, specifically the Peyer's patches.
C. Large intestine has lymphoid nodules, but it does not contain as much lymphoid tissue as the small intestine.
D. Esophagus has very little lymphoid tissue compared to the small intestine, as its primary function is to transport food rather than participate in immune defense.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Esophageal glands secrete mucus to lubricate the esophagus, but they do not cause acid reflux.
B. Pharyngeal constrictors are muscles that help in the swallowing process, not in preventing acid reflux.
C. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a ring of muscle that controls the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach. If the LES is weakened or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing acid reflux or "heartburn."
D. The upper esophageal sphincter controls the passage of food from the pharynx into the esophagus, but it is not involved in preventing acid reflux.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate but does not produce bile.
B. Liver produces bile, which is essential for fat digestion. This is the correct answer.
C. Tongue assists in food manipulation and initial digestion through saliva but does not produce bile.
D. Salivary glands produce saliva, which contains digestive enzymes but not bile.