Which of the following has an abundance of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa and submucosa?
Small intestine
Stomach
Large intestine
Esophagus
The Correct Answer is A
A. Small intestine, particularly the ileum, contains Peyer's patches, which are abundant lymphoid tissues in the mucosa and submucosa. These structures are part of the immune system, protecting the body from pathogens in the digestive tract.
B. Stomach: While the stomach has some lymphoid tissue, it does not have as much as the small intestine, specifically the Peyer's patches.
C. Large intestine has lymphoid nodules, but it does not contain as much lymphoid tissue as the small intestine.
D. Esophagus has very little lymphoid tissue compared to the small intestine, as its primary function is to transport food rather than participate in immune defense.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The neural tube and yolk sac have formed: By 8 weeks, the neural tube and yolk sac have formed, but this is not the criterion for defining a fetus.
B. The amniotic cavity has formed: The formation of the amniotic cavity occurs earlier in development and is not the defining feature of a fetus.
C. All of the organ systems are present: By the end of 8 weeks, the basic structures of all major organ systems are present, which is why the embryo is referred to as a fetus from this point onwards.
D. The mesoderm has formed: The formation of the mesoderm occurs earlier and is not the defining factor for fetal status. By 8 weeks, more significant development, including the presence of organ systems, has occurred.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lactateis produced during anaerobic metabolism (when oxygen is scarce) as a byproduct of glycolysis, but it is not the direct product of glycolysis itself.
B. Carbon dioxideis a byproduct of cellular respiration, specifically during the Krebs cycle, not glycolysis.
C. Pyruvateis the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
D. Acetyl-CoAis formed from pyruvate during the transition step before the Krebs cycle, not directly from glycolysis.