Which of the following has an abundance of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa and submucosa?
Small intestine
Stomach
Large intestine
Esophagus
The Correct Answer is A
A. Small intestine, particularly the ileum, contains Peyer's patches, which are abundant lymphoid tissues in the mucosa and submucosa. These structures are part of the immune system, protecting the body from pathogens in the digestive tract.
B. Stomach: While the stomach has some lymphoid tissue, it does not have as much as the small intestine, specifically the Peyer's patches.
C. Large intestine has lymphoid nodules, but it does not contain as much lymphoid tissue as the small intestine.
D. Esophagus has very little lymphoid tissue compared to the small intestine, as its primary function is to transport food rather than participate in immune defense.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) promotes water retention by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Estrogen does not mimic the action of ADH.
B. Natriuretic peptide promote sodium excretion, which leads to water loss, not retention. Estrogen does not mimic this action.
C. Oxytocin is primarily involved in labor and lactation, not water retention. Estrogen does not mimic oxytocin's effects.
D. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention by increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Estrogen can mimic the action of aldosterone, leading to water retention during certain phases of the menstrual cycle.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that supports the embryo after implantation, but it does not provide direct fetal nutrition or secrete hormones for fetal development.
B. The placenta is the organ that provides fetal nutrition, gas exchange, and waste removal. It also secretes hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estrogen, which are essential for maintaining pregnancy and supporting fetal development.
C. The blastocyst is the early stage of the embryo that implants into the endometrium, but it does not provide fetal nutrition or secrete pregnancy-regulating hormones.
D. The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus responsible for contractions during labor, but it does not provide fetal nutrition or secrete hormones.