Which of the following has an abundance of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa and submucosa?
Small intestine
Stomach
Large intestine
Esophagus
The Correct Answer is A
A. Small intestine, particularly the ileum, contains Peyer's patches, which are abundant lymphoid tissues in the mucosa and submucosa. These structures are part of the immune system, protecting the body from pathogens in the digestive tract.
B. Stomach: While the stomach has some lymphoid tissue, it does not have as much as the small intestine, specifically the Peyer's patches.
C. Large intestine has lymphoid nodules, but it does not contain as much lymphoid tissue as the small intestine.
D. Esophagus has very little lymphoid tissue compared to the small intestine, as its primary function is to transport food rather than participate in immune defense.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Extracellular fluid (ECF) includes all the fluid outside of cells, such as interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and lymph. However, the majority of body water is found inside the cells.
B. Blood plasma and lymph are components of the extracellular fluid. Although they contain water, they do not hold the greatest volume compared to intracellular fluid.
C. Intracellular fluid (ICF) refers to the fluid within the cells, and it constitutes the largest volume of water in the body.
D. Tissue (interstitial) fluid is part of the extracellular fluid found between cells. While it contains a significant amount of water, it does not account for the greatest volume in the body.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) promotes water retention by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Estrogen does not mimic the action of ADH.
B. Natriuretic peptide promote sodium excretion, which leads to water loss, not retention. Estrogen does not mimic this action.
C. Oxytocin is primarily involved in labor and lactation, not water retention. Estrogen does not mimic oxytocin's effects.
D. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention by increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Estrogen can mimic the action of aldosterone, leading to water retention during certain phases of the menstrual cycle.