Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?
Diuretics
The countercurrent exchange system
The collecting duct
The countercurrent multiplier
The Correct Answer is A
A. Diuretics increase urine output by inhibiting the reabsorption of water and sodium in the kidneys, which leads to increased water loss. This action is opposite to water conservation, making this the correct answer.
B. The counter current exchange system in the kidneys helps conserve water by maintaining a high osmolarity in the medulla, which facilitates the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts. This system contributes to water conservation.
C. The collecting duct plays a crucial role in water reabsorption. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, contributing to water conservation.
D. The counter current multiplier is a mechanism in the loop of Henle that creates a concentration gradient in the kidney medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. It contributes to water conservation
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Small intestine; small intestine: Both amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, and fatty acids are also absorbed in the small intestine, where they are reassembled into triglycerides and incorporated into chylomicrons.
B. Small intestine; liver: Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, but fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine, not directly in the liver.
C. Stomach; small intestine: Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, not the stomach, and fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine, not the stomach.
D. Stomach; large intestine: Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine, and fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine, not the stomach or large intestine.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Trypsin functions in the small intestine, where the environment is slightly alkaline. Therefore, this enzyme does not function at a low pH.
B. Pancreatic amylase also functions in the small intestine, where the pH is neutral to slightly alkaline.
C. Pepsin functions in the stomach, where the environment is highly acidic (pH 1.5 to 2). Pepsin is the correct answer because it works optimally at this low pH.
D. Salivary amylase functions in the mouth, where the pH is neutral or slightly alkaline.