Which of the following describes a situation in which the blood pressure is severely elevated and there is evidence of actual target organ damage?
Secondary hypertension
Hypertensive urgency
Hypertensive emergency
Primary hypertension
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure due to an identifiable cause, such as renal disease, but it does not describe an acute situation with target organ damage.
B. Hypertensive urgency is a situation where the blood pressure is severely elevated but without evidence of target organ damage.
C. Hypertensive emergency is characterized by severely elevated blood pressure with evidence of acute target organ damage, such as encephalopathy, myocardial infarction, or renal failure, requiring immediate medical intervention.
D. Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is high blood pressure without a known secondary cause and does not describe an acute emergency.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Obtaining a stat chest x-ray is important if catheter misplacement is suspected, but in this situation, ensuring the accuracy of the pressure reading through proper leveling and zeroing is the priority.
B. Zero referencing and leveling the catheter at the phlebostatic axis is essential to ensure accurate readings of the pulmonary artery pressure, which is critical for patient assessment and management.
C. Increasing supplemental oxygen is unnecessary given the patient’s stable oxygen saturation and normal respiratory status.
D. While notifying the provider is important, ensuring the accuracy of the pressure reading by leveling and zeroing the catheter should be done first.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Deaths of patients with communicable diseases still need to be reported because tissue and organ viability must be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
B. Tissue donation is voluntary and requires consent from the patient or their legal representative.
C. Organ donation can be authorized by a client's surrogate if the client has not previously given or refused consent. This allows for the surrogate to make decisions in line with the client’s wishes or best interests.
D. While facilities may have committees involved in the process, reporting is to organ procurement organizations, not solely to a facility's committee.