Which of the following cognitive abilities are characteristic of a school-aged child in Piaget's concrete operational stage? (select all that apply)
Object permanence
Egocentric thinking
Ability to perform logical operations on concrete
Understanding the concept of conservation
Use of symbolic play
Correct Answer : C,D
A. Object permanence is a cognitive ability typically developed during the sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), not during the concrete operational stage (7-11 years).
B. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of the preoperational stage (2-7 years) and decreases as children enter the concrete operational stage.
C. The ability to perform logical operations on concrete objects is a hallmark of the concrete operational stage, where children can think logically about physical objects and events.
D. Understanding the concept of conservation, which refers to recognizing that quantity does not change despite changes in shape or arrangement, is a key characteristic of the concrete operational stage.
E. Use of symbolic play is more characteristic of the preoperational stage, where children engage in imaginative play rather than concrete operations.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Taking ferrous sulfate between meals may actually help reduce the risk of constipation, but this is not the primary reason for timing.
B. Taking the medication with food does not typically increase the risk of esophagitis; rather, it can decrease the absorption of iron.
C. Taking ferrous sulfate between meals allows for optimal absorption of iron, as food can interfere with its absorption. This response accurately explains the rationale for the timing of the medication.
D. While it is true that some patients may experience nausea when taking iron supplements with food, the primary reason for taking it between meals is to enhance absorption rather than to prevent nausea.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A child whose parents consistently answer questions on their behalf may indicate a lack of autonomy and could be a sign of potential abuse or neglect, as it may suggest the parents are controlling or overly involved.
B. A child who has frequent visitors does not inherently suggest abuse; in fact, it could indicate support and care from family or friends.
C. Frequent use of the call light could indicate a child's need for assistance or comfort but does not directly correlate with abuse.
D. A child with a BMI indicating obesity is not a definitive indicator of abuse; it may relate to dietary habits or lifestyle factors rather than abuse.