Which of the following are common manifestations and potential consequences of an adolescent's feelings of invulnerability? (Select all that apply)
Increased risk-taking behaviors
Greater incidence of accidental injuries
Reduced mental health issues
Improved social relationships
Higher likelihood of substance abuse
Enhanced academic performance
Correct Answer : A,B,E
A. Increased risk-taking behaviors are common as adolescents may feel invulnerable and engage in dangerous activities without considering the consequences.
B. Greater incidence of accidental injuries is often a result of risk-taking behaviors, which can be influenced by feelings of invulnerability.
C. Reduced mental health issues is incorrect as feelings of invulnerability can lead to increased stress and anxiety, negatively impacting mental health.
D. Improved social relationships are not guaranteed; feelings of invulnerability may actually lead to conflict or isolation if risk-taking behaviors are harmful.
E. Higher likelihood of substance abuse can result from a belief in invulnerability, leading adolescents to underestimate the risks associated with drug and alcohol use.
F. Enhanced academic performance is not directly linked to feelings of invulnerability and may suffer due to distractions from risky behaviors.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Weak pulses are more indicative of reduced cardiac output or other cardiac issues, rather than specifically a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
B. Cyanosis with crying can occur in various conditions, but it is not a hallmark of a large PDA; it typically presents with other symptoms.
C. Chronic hypoxemia is more associated with severe heart defects or lung conditions, whereas a large PDA may present with other signs first.
D. A systolic murmur is a classic finding in large PDAs due to the left-to-right shunting of blood, making it the most expected manifestation in this scenario.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Distributive shock, particularly in the context of anaphylaxis, is characterized by widespread vasodilation that leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and impaired blood flow to organs despite normal or increased cardiac output.
B. This option is incorrect because distributive shock involves decreased systemic vascular resistance due to vasodilation rather than an increase.
C. This statement describes hypovolemic shock, not distributive shock. Distributive shock is not primarily caused by the loss of blood volume.
D. While loss of myocardial contractility can lead to cardiogenic shock, it is not the mechanism behind distributive shock, which is related to vascular tone rather than heart function.