Which of the following are characteristics of conservation in school-aged children? (Select All that Apply.)
Thinking that cutting a sandwich into more pieces means there is more food
Believing that pouring water from a short, wide cup into a tall, narrow cup increases the amount of water
Understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its appearance changes
Recognizing that a ball of clay can be flattened and rolled back into a ball without changing its amount
Believing that a taller, narrower glass contains more liquid than a shorter, wider glass
Correct Answer : C,D
A. This reflects a lack of understanding of conservation, as cutting a sandwich does not increase the quantity of food.
B. This belief shows a misunderstanding of conservation, where children may not recognize that the volume remains constant regardless of the container's shape.
C. Understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its appearance changes is a key characteristic of conservation.
D. Recognizing that a ball of clay can be flattened and rolled back into a ball without changing its amount also demonstrates an understanding of conservation.
E. This belief indicates a misunderstanding of conservation, as the amount of liquid does not change based on the height or width of the container.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While anxiety and withdrawal are concerning, they may not require immediate intervention compared to behaviors that pose risks to the child or others.
B. A stable child with a concerned parent may benefit from reassurance and support, but they do not require urgent intervention.
C. Stomach pain without an apparent cause should be assessed, but it may not be as urgent as aggressive behavior that can harm others.
D. A child exhibiting aggressive behavior poses a risk to themselves and others, necessitating immediate assessment and intervention to ensure safety and manage the behavior effectively.
Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
A. Object permanence is a cognitive ability typically developed during the sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), not during the concrete operational stage (7-11 years).
B. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of the preoperational stage (2-7 years) and decreases as children enter the concrete operational stage.
C. The ability to perform logical operations on concrete objects is a hallmark of the concrete operational stage, where children can think logically about physical objects and events.
D. Understanding the concept of conservation, which refers to recognizing that quantity does not change despite changes in shape or arrangement, is a key characteristic of the concrete operational stage.
E. Use of symbolic play is more characteristic of the preoperational stage, where children engage in imaginative play rather than concrete operations.