Which of the following are characteristics of conservation in school-aged children? (Select All that Apply.)
Thinking that cutting a sandwich into more pieces means there is more food
Believing that pouring water from a short, wide cup into a tall, narrow cup increases the amount of water
Understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its appearance changes
Recognizing that a ball of clay can be flattened and rolled back into a ball without changing its amount
Believing that a taller, narrower glass contains more liquid than a shorter, wider glass
Correct Answer : C,D
A. This reflects a lack of understanding of conservation, as cutting a sandwich does not increase the quantity of food.
B. This belief shows a misunderstanding of conservation, where children may not recognize that the volume remains constant regardless of the container's shape.
C. Understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its appearance changes is a key characteristic of conservation.
D. Recognizing that a ball of clay can be flattened and rolled back into a ball without changing its amount also demonstrates an understanding of conservation.
E. This belief indicates a misunderstanding of conservation, as the amount of liquid does not change based on the height or width of the container.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Administering IV fluids may be necessary but is not the first priority in managing a suspected airway emergency.
B. Placing the child on droplet precautions is the first action to take to prevent the spread of infection and protect healthcare workers, given the suspected diagnosis of epiglottitis.
C. Initiating IV antibiotics is essential but should follow ensuring that appropriate precautions and assessments are in place.
D. While obtaining an x-ray can confirm the diagnosis, the child's safety and airway management must be prioritized first to avoid potential respiratory distress.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. The parent applying prescribed medication as instructed indicates proper understanding of post-operative care and adherence to treatment.
B. Allowing the child to lift their older sibling above the ground is inappropriate as it can lead to increased pressure on the ear, risking complications.
C. Enforcing nose blowing only when necessary is a correct action since excessive force can displace the tympanoplasty tube or introduce bacteria into the ear.
D. Planning to have the child use ear plugs in the shower is an effective precaution to protect the ears from water exposure, which is essential post-surgery.
E. Reporting purulent drainage immediately to the surgeon shows awareness of potential complications and the need for prompt medical attention.