Which observation is expected when the nurse is assessing the gestational age of a neonate born at term?
No creases on the plantar surface of the foot.
Abundant lanugo covering most of the body.
Flexed position at rest.
Pinna of the ear that remains folded.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
The absence of creases on the plantar surface is typical of a preterm infant, not a term infant. Term infants usually have some creases.
Choice B rationale
Abundant lanugo is more common in preterm infants, while term infants may have some but not extensive lanugo.
Choice C rationale
A flexed position at rest is expected in a term neonate, as it indicates good muscle tone and neuromuscular development.
Choice D rationale
The pinna of the ear remaining folded is more indicative of a preterm infant, as term infants typically have fully formed and firmer ear cartilage.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for a 1-year-old child as it protects against these three highly contagious viral diseases. This vaccine is typically given in two doses, with the first dose administered at 12-15 months.
Choice B rationale
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (TDaP) vaccine is not typically given at 1 year of age. The primary series is given in infancy, and the TDaP booster is given at 4-6 years of age.
Choice C rationale
Inactivated polio virus (IPV) vaccine is part of the routine vaccination schedule for children. It protects against polio, a serious disease that can cause paralysis. The IPV vaccine is given in multiple doses, starting at 2 months of age.
Choice D rationale
Varicella (VAR) vaccine protects against chickenpox, a highly contagious disease. It is recommended for children at 12-15 months of age and is usually given in two doses.
Choice E rationale
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is not recommended for a 1-year-old child. It is typically given to preteens and teens to protect against HPV infections that can lead to cervical cancer and other diseases.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
This choice offers the toddler control and options within boundaries. By allowing the child to choose between two cups, it reduces the power struggle inherent in negativism, where the child often says "no" to assert independence.
Choice B rationale
This choice presents a direct option of now or later, which may still lead to refusal due to the toddler's negativism. Toddlers often respond better to choices that are less direct.
Choice C rationale
Asking if the child can take the medicine is likely to result in a "no" due to the nature of negativism at this developmental stage. It does not give the toddler a sense of control or choice.
Choice D rationale
Asking the child to be "good" places a moral judgment on taking the medicine, which is not developmentally appropriate and may lead to resistance.