Which nonpharmacologic pain treatment should the nurse avoid using in an older adult who shows signs of confusion?
Music
Aromatherapy
Heat application
Distraction
Guided Imagery
The Correct Answer is E
A. Music can be a soothing nonpharmacologic method to reduce pain and may help with relaxation, even for confused patients, as it typically doesn’t require cognitive engagement.
B. Aromatherapy is generally safe and may offer calming effects for older adults without relying heavily on cognitive processing.
C. Heat application is a physical pain relief method, and as long as safety precautions are taken, it can be used effectively in confused patients.
D. Distraction can be a beneficial technique for pain relief and is often effective without requiring cognitive engagement.
E. Guided Imagery should be avoided in confused older adults, as it relies on the patient's ability to follow instructions and visualize mental images, which can be challenging and potentially frustrating for someone with cognitive impairment.
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Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Providing care based on predetermined criteria may overlook individual client needs and cultural nuances.
B. Prioritizing hospital unit workflow may not align with the individual needs of clients.
C. Care aligned with professional healthcare values may not address the specific cultural values and preferences of diverse clients.
D. This approach may dismiss the client's autonomy and unique cultural context.
E. Honoring the client's differences and perspectives indicates a commitment to culturally responsive care, recognizing and respecting diverse backgrounds.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Poor hair growth is more associated with arterial insufficiency.
B. A weak pulse may suggest arterial, not venous, insufficiency.
C. Edema is a common finding in venous insufficiency due to fluid pooling in the extremities.
D. Muscle atrophy is not typically associated with venous insufficiency.
E. Pale color is more indicative of arterial insufficiency, while venous insufficiency may present with darkened or reddish skin.