Which infection control measure, by the nurse, reduces the potential spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
Wearing an N95 mask while in the room of a patient with airborne precautions.
Wearing a facemask while in the room of a patient with droplet precautions.
Use of a separate disposable blood pressure cuff for any patient with a draining wound.
Use of strict hand washing measures once in every 8-hour work shift.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Wearing an N95 mask is appropriate for airborne precautions, such as tuberculosis, but not specifically for MRSA, which requires contact precautions.
Choice B rationale
Wearing a facemask is suitable for droplet precautions, such as influenza, but MRSA is primarily spread through direct contact, not droplets.
Choice C rationale
Using a separate disposable blood pressure cuff for patients with draining wounds helps prevent the spread of MRSA. MRSA can be transmitted via contaminated medical equipment.
Choice D rationale
Strict hand washing measures are essential but should be performed more frequently than once every 8-hour shift. Hand hygiene should be practiced before and after patient contact.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Meningococcal meningitis can present with a high fever (39°C or 102.2°F) and a rash, indicating a severe bacterial infection.
Choice B rationale
Urinary tract infections typically present with urinary symptoms, not a rash.
Choice C rationale
Gastroenteritis presents with gastrointestinal symptoms, not a rash.
Choice D rationale
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and does not cause fever or rash.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Decreased breath sounds in the lower lobes can indicate areas of the lung that are not ventilating well, but this finding alone does not specifically indicate an exacerbation of COPD. It could be due to other conditions such as pleural effusion or atelectasis.
Choice B rationale
Increased respiratory rate and use of accessory muscles are signs of respiratory distress and indicate that the patient is working harder to breathe. These findings are consistent with an exacerbation of COPD, where the airways are more obstructed, and the patient has difficulty maintaining adequate ventilation.
Choice C rationale
Elevated blood pressure and heart rate can occur in many conditions and are not specific indicators of a COPD exacerbation. These vital sign changes can be due to pain, anxiety, or other stressors.
Choice D rationale
Presence of wheezing and cyanosis are also indicators of a COPD exacerbation. Wheezing indicates airway obstruction, and cyanosis indicates hypoxemia, both of which are common during an exacerbation.