Which infection control measure, by the nurse, reduces the potential spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
Wearing an N95 mask while in the room of a patient with airborne precautions.
Wearing a facemask while in the room of a patient with droplet precautions.
Use of a separate disposable blood pressure cuff for any patient with a draining wound.
Use of strict hand washing measures once in every 8-hour work shift.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Wearing an N95 mask is appropriate for airborne precautions, such as tuberculosis, but not specifically for MRSA, which requires contact precautions.
Choice B rationale
Wearing a facemask is suitable for droplet precautions, such as influenza, but MRSA is primarily spread through direct contact, not droplets.
Choice C rationale
Using a separate disposable blood pressure cuff for patients with draining wounds helps prevent the spread of MRSA. MRSA can be transmitted via contaminated medical equipment.
Choice D rationale
Strict hand washing measures are essential but should be performed more frequently than once every 8-hour shift. Hand hygiene should be practiced before and after patient contact.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Septic shock is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response to infection, leading to vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and hypotension. The patient’s elevated temperature, tachycardia, and hypotension are consistent with septic shock. In septic shock, the body’s response to infection leads to widespread inflammation and impaired tissue perfusion.
Choice B rationale
Hypovolemic shock is caused by a significant loss of blood or fluids, leading to decreased circulating volume and hypotension. While the patient’s hypotension and tachycardia could be consistent with hypovolemic shock, the elevated temperature suggests an infectious process, making septic shock more likely.
Choice C rationale
Cardiogenic shock is caused by the heart’s inability to pump effectively, leading to decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion. While hypotension and tachycardia are consistent with cardiogenic shock, the elevated temperature is not a typical finding. Cardiogenic shock is usually associated with conditions like myocardial infarction or severe heart failure.
Choice D rationale
Neurogenic shock is caused by a disruption in the autonomic pathways, leading to vasodilation and hypotension. It is typically associated with spinal cord injuries or severe head trauma. The patient’s elevated temperature and tachycardia are not consistent with neurogenic shock, making septic shock the more likely diagnosis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Bacterial infection often leads to an elevated white blood cell count (15,000/mm³) and fever (38.5°C). The body’s immune response to bacterial pathogens results in these clinical manifestations.
Choice B rationale
Viral infections can cause fever, but they typically do not lead to a significant increase in white blood cell count.
Choice C rationale
Fungal infections can cause fever and elevated white blood cell count, but they are less common and usually occur in immunocompromised individuals.
Choice D rationale
Parasitic infections can cause fever and elevated white blood cell count, but they are less common and usually present with other specific symptoms.