Which diagnostic test is the most definitive test used to detect meningitis?
CBC
Urinalysis
CT scan
Lumbar puncture
The Correct Answer is D
A. CBC: A CBC can indicate infection (elevated white blood cell count), but it is not specific for meningitis.
B. Urinalysis: Urinalysis is not relevant for diagnosing meningitis.
C. CT scan: A CT scan can detect complications like increased intracranial pressure but does not diagnose meningitis directly.
D. Lumbar puncture: A lumbar puncture allows direct analysis of CSF for glucose, protein, white blood cells, and organisms, which is definitive for diagnosing meningitis.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Depressed anterior fontanel: A depressed fontanel is typically associated with dehydration, not meningitis.
B. High-pitched cry: A high-pitched cry is a classic symptom of meningitis in infants, often associated with increased ICP.
C. Constipation: Meningitis is more likely to cause irritability and feeding difficulties than constipation.
D. Presence of the rooting reflex: The rooting reflex is normal in a 4-month-old and does not specifically indicate meningitis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Speak slowly while facing the child: Facing the child helps them see lip movements and facial expressions, which aids communication.
B. Talk directly into the child's impaired ear: Shouting or talking directly into the ear is unhelpful and can distort sound further.
C. Stand above the child's eye level when speaking: Standing above the child can make communication difficult. The nurse should be at eye level to establish effective communication.
D. Speak loudly to the child: Speaking loudly can distort sound and is not helpful for a hearing-impaired child.