Which condition or symptom is most common in clients with a herniated cervical disc?
Stiff neck and shoulder pain
Cauda equina syndrome
Changes in knee and ankle reflexes
Sciatica
The Correct Answer is A
A) Stiff neck and shoulder pain: This symptom is very common in clients with a herniated cervical disc. The herniation can lead to irritation or compression of nearby nerves, resulting in localized pain in the neck and shoulder region. Clients often report this discomfort as one of their primary concerns.
B) Cauda equina syndrome: This serious condition arises from compression of the cauda equina, which occurs in the lower lumbar region of the spine, not the cervical area. Therefore, it is not a typical symptom of a cervical disc herniation.
C) Changes in knee and ankle reflexes: These changes are more associated with lumbar spine issues. While cervical disc problems can affect reflexes, they typically do not present as changes in lower limb reflexes, which are primarily linked to lower back conditions.
D) Sciatica: This term usually refers to pain that radiates down the leg due to compression of the sciatic nerve, often associated with lumbar disc herniation. It is not a common symptom of cervical disc herniation, which affects the neck and upper extremities.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A) Impact on ADLs: Understanding how pain affects a client's activities of daily living (ADLs) is crucial for assessing the overall impact of the pain on their life. It provides insight into the functional limitations caused by the pain and helps guide treatment planning.
B) Family medical history: While family medical history can provide context for certain conditions, it is not an essential component of a focused pain assessment. The immediate concerns are more directly related to the client's current pain experience rather than their family's medical background.
C) Pain intensity rating: Assessing the intensity of pain is a fundamental aspect of pain assessment. Using scales (e.g., 0-10) allows the nurse to quantify the pain, monitor changes over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
D) Characteristics of the pain: Understanding the characteristics of the pain—such as its quality (sharp, dull, throbbing) and location—is essential for determining its cause and guiding appropriate treatment strategies.
E) Aggravating factors: Identifying what exacerbates the pain is critical for understanding its nature and developing effective management strategies. Knowing which activities or positions worsen the pain can help in creating a comprehensive care plan tailored to the client's needs.
Correct Answer is ["C","E"]
Explanation
A) "I have cut back on fat and switched to a vegetarian diet." This statement suggests a positive change in dietary habits, which can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. A vegetarian diet, particularly if it includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Therefore, this statement does not indicate an increased risk.
B) "I have cut back on my smoking." While reducing smoking is a positive step, smoking itself is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the statement indicates an attempt to decrease risk, which does not inherently suggest an increased risk. It may show improvement rather than risk.
C) "I have been stressed out since my divorce last year." Chronic stress is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as it can lead to behaviors such as poor diet, inactivity, and increased blood pressure. This statement highlights a significant concern for the client’s cardiovascular health.
D) "I have an occasional glass of wine." Moderate alcohol consumption is sometimes associated with cardiovascular benefits. While excessive drinking can pose risks, this statement alone does not indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It reflects moderation rather than concern.
E) "I have gained 25 pounds over the past year." Weight gain, especially if it leads to obesity, is a significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. This statement indicates a change in health status that could negatively impact the client’s cardiovascular risk profile.