Which clinical manifestations are indicative of right ventricular failure? (Select all that apply.)
Crackles upon auscultation of the lungs
Hepatomegaly
Jugular venous distention
Orthopnea
Peripheral edema
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Rationale:
A. Crackles are more commonly associated with left ventricular failure, which leads to pulmonary congestion.
B. Hepatomegaly, or an enlarged liver, is a sign of right ventricular failure due to blood backing up in the systemic circulation.
C. Jugular venous distention is a classic sign of right ventricular failure as blood accumulates in the venous system.
D. Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing while lying down, is more indicative of left ventricular failure.
E. Peripheral edema is a hallmark of right ventricular failure, resulting from increased venous pressure.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Thrombolytic therapy is the priority in managing an ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) when percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not available. It helps dissolve the blood clot causing the blockage in the coronary artery.
B. Maintaining oxygen saturation is important, but the priority is to restore coronary blood flow.
C. The focus should be on stabilizing the heart rhythm, not specifically maintaining a high heart rate.
D. Diuretics are important in managing heart failure but are not the priority in acute STEMI management.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is typically recommended for patients with significant occlusion of the left main coronary artery, as it effectively restores blood flow to the heart muscle by bypassing the blocked artery.
B. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is used to treat arrhythmias, not coronary artery occlusions.
C. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement is for managing life-threatening arrhythmias, not directly for treating coronary artery blockages.
D. A circulatory assist device is used in severe cases of heart failure, but it does not address the underlying issue of coronary artery occlusion.