Where are cells with aldosterone receptors found?
Posterior pituitary
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Adrenal medulla
The Correct Answer is C
A. Posterior pituitary releases hormones such as ADH (antidiuretic hormone), but it does not have aldosterone receptors.
B. Proximal convoluted tubule is involved in reabsorption, but it does not have aldosterone receptors.
C. Distal convoluted tubule: Aldosterone receptors are found in the cells of the distal convoluted tubule. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in this part of the nephron, which helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
D. Adrenal medulla produces catecholamines (e.g., adrenaline) but does not contain aldosterone receptors.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Glomerular capillaries are involved in the filtration of blood to form the glomerular filtrate, not in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids.
B. Proximal convoluted tubule is where the majority of glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream.
C. Renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule and is involved in the filtration process, not in reabsorption.
D. Distal convoluted tubule is involved in the fine-tuning of electrolyte and acid-base balance, not in the primary reabsorption of glucose and amino acids.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) promotes water retention by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Estrogen does not mimic the action of ADH.
B. Natriuretic peptide promote sodium excretion, which leads to water loss, not retention. Estrogen does not mimic this action.
C. Oxytocin is primarily involved in labor and lactation, not water retention. Estrogen does not mimic oxytocin's effects.
D. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention by increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Estrogen can mimic the action of aldosterone, leading to water retention during certain phases of the menstrual cycle.