When the nurse examines a toddler, she suggests to his mother that the activity that could most appropriately foster his developmental task according to Erikson would be to:
Read him a story every night.
Allow him to pull a talking-duck toy.
Feed him his lunch.
Have him watch a puppet show on television.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Reading a story every night is beneficial for cognitive and language development but does not specifically address the developmental task of autonomy versus shame and doubt, which is the focus for toddlers according to Erikson.
Choice B rationale
Allowing a toddler to pull a talking-duck toy fosters autonomy and independence, which are key aspects of Erikson’s developmental stage for toddlers. This activity encourages the child to explore and make choices independently.
Choice C rationale
Feeding the toddler his lunch does not promote autonomy. Instead, it may contribute to dependence, which is contrary to the developmental task of this age group.
Choice D rationale
Watching a puppet show on television is a passive activity that does not actively engage the child in developing autonomy or independence.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Ignoring temper tantrums is an effective strategy for managing this behavior. By not giving attention to the tantrum, the child learns that this behavior will not achieve the desired outcome. This approach helps reduce the frequency and intensity of tantrums over time.
Choice B rationale
Restraining the child physically during a temper tantrum can escalate the situation and may cause injury to the child or the caregiver. It is not recommended as a strategy for managing temper tantrums.
Choice C rationale
Distracting the child by offering to play a game can be an effective strategy for preventing tantrums, but it is not the best approach once a tantrum has already started. Ignoring the tantrum is more effective in reducing the behavior over time.
Choice D rationale
Telling the child that temper tantrums are not acceptable may not be effective during the tantrum itself. The child is unlikely to be receptive to verbal reasoning during a tantrum. Ignoring the tantrum is a more effective strategy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Obtaining blood cultures is important for identifying the causative organism, but it should be done immediately before or concurrently with the administration of antibiotics.
Choice B rationale
Administering an intravenous antibiotic is the priority action for a child with suspected bacterial meningitis. Early administration of antibiotics is crucial to treat the infection and prevent complications such as brain swelling and seizures.
Choice C rationale
Preparing the child for a lumbar puncture is necessary for diagnosing meningitis, but it should not delay the administration of antibiotics.
Choice D rationale
Placing the child in isolation is important to prevent the spread of infection, but it is not the immediate priority over administering antibiotics.