When the nurse examines a toddler, she suggests to his mother that the activity that could most appropriately foster his developmental task according to Erikson would be to:
Read him a story every night.
Allow him to pull a talking-duck toy.
Feed him his lunch.
Have him watch a puppet show on television.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Reading a story every night is beneficial for cognitive and language development but does not specifically address the developmental task of autonomy versus shame and doubt, which is the focus for toddlers according to Erikson.
Choice B rationale
Allowing a toddler to pull a talking-duck toy fosters autonomy and independence, which are key aspects of Erikson’s developmental stage for toddlers. This activity encourages the child to explore and make choices independently.
Choice C rationale
Feeding the toddler his lunch does not promote autonomy. Instead, it may contribute to dependence, which is contrary to the developmental task of this age group.
Choice D rationale
Watching a puppet show on television is a passive activity that does not actively engage the child in developing autonomy or independence.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Obtaining a throat culture is contraindicated in suspected epiglottitis. This procedure can cause further irritation and potentially lead to airway obstruction. Epiglottitis is a medical emergency, and the priority is to maintain a patent airway.
Choice B rationale
Placing the child in an upright position is the correct action. This position helps improve breathing and reduces the risk of airway obstruction. It also allows for better visualization and assessment of the child’s respiratory status.
Choice C rationale
Visualizing the epiglottis with a tongue depressor is not recommended in suspected epiglottitis. This action can cause further irritation and potentially lead to airway obstruction. The priority is to maintain a patent airway and avoid any procedures that could exacerbate the condition.
Choice D rationale
Transporting the child to radiology for a throat x-ray is not the immediate priority. While imaging may be necessary for diagnosis, the primary focus should be on maintaining a patent airway and ensuring the child’s respiratory status is stable.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Rheumatic fever is often preceded by a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. A sibling with a sore throat 3 weeks ago could have had a strep infection, which is a significant risk factor for developing rheumatic fever.
Choice B rationale
Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is not related to rheumatic fever, which is a complication of streptococcal infections.
Choice C rationale
Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining and is not associated with rheumatic fever.
Choice D rationale
Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19 and is not related to rheumatic fever.