When the nurse examines a toddler, she suggests to his mother that the activity that could most appropriately foster his developmental task according to Erikson would be to:
Read him a story every night.
Allow him to pull a talking-duck toy.
Feed him his lunch.
Have him watch a puppet show on television.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Reading a story every night is beneficial for cognitive and language development but does not specifically address the developmental task of autonomy versus shame and doubt, which is the focus for toddlers according to Erikson.
Choice B rationale
Allowing a toddler to pull a talking-duck toy fosters autonomy and independence, which are key aspects of Erikson’s developmental stage for toddlers. This activity encourages the child to explore and make choices independently.
Choice C rationale
Feeding the toddler his lunch does not promote autonomy. Instead, it may contribute to dependence, which is contrary to the developmental task of this age group.
Choice D rationale
Watching a puppet show on television is a passive activity that does not actively engage the child in developing autonomy or independence.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A storybook about a child who has diabetes can be helpful in educating the child about their condition and normalizing their experience. However, it may not be as effective in addressing the immediate distress caused by an insulin injection. Therapeutic play that directly involves the injection experience can be more beneficial in helping the child cope with their fear and anxiety.
Choice B rationale
A period of play in the playroom can provide a distraction and help the child relax. However, it does not specifically address the child’s distress related to the insulin injection. Therapeutic play that involves role-playing the injection process can be more effective in helping the child understand and cope with the procedure.
Choice C rationale
A video game can serve as a distraction and help the child relax. However, it does not directly address the child’s fear and anxiety related to the insulin injection. Therapeutic play that involves role-playing the injection process can be more effective in helping the child understand and cope with the procedure.
Choice D rationale
Using a needleless syringe and a doll allows the child to engage in therapeutic play that simulates the experience of receiving an insulin injection. This type of play helps the child understand the procedure, reduces fear and anxiety, and provides a sense of control over the situation. It is a direct and effective way to help the child cope with the distress caused by the injection.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Developing autonomy is a normal developmental milestone for toddlers. However, the behaviors described in the question (sitting quietly, sucking thumb, turning away) are more indicative of regression rather than autonomy.
Choice B rationale
Resentment toward the mother is not a typical developmental reaction for an 18-month-old toddler. The behaviors described are more indicative of regression due to the stress of hospitalization.
Choice C rationale
Anxiety reaction can occur in toddlers who are hospitalized, but the behaviors described (sitting quietly, sucking thumb, turning away) are more indicative of regression.
Choice D rationale
Regression is a common reaction in toddlers who are hospitalized. The behaviors described (sitting quietly, sucking thumb, turning away) are typical signs of regression, where the child reverts to earlier developmental behaviors as a coping mechanism.