When the nurse examines a toddler, she suggests to his mother that the activity that could most appropriately foster his developmental task according to Erikson would be to:
Read him a story every night.
Allow him to pull a talking-duck toy.
Feed him his lunch.
Have him watch a puppet show on television.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Reading a story every night is beneficial for cognitive and language development but does not specifically address the developmental task of autonomy versus shame and doubt, which is the focus for toddlers according to Erikson.
Choice B rationale
Allowing a toddler to pull a talking-duck toy fosters autonomy and independence, which are key aspects of Erikson’s developmental stage for toddlers. This activity encourages the child to explore and make choices independently.
Choice C rationale
Feeding the toddler his lunch does not promote autonomy. Instead, it may contribute to dependence, which is contrary to the developmental task of this age group.
Choice D rationale
Watching a puppet show on television is a passive activity that does not actively engage the child in developing autonomy or independence.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Placing the child in a knee-chest position helps increase systemic vascular resistance, which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a cyanotic spell in children with Tetralogy of Fallot.
Choice B rationale
Having the child lie supine with the head turned to one side does not help in managing a cyanotic spell and may not improve oxygenation.
Choice C rationale
Lying prone does not specifically address the cyanotic spell and may not be the most effective position for improving oxygenation.
Choice D rationale
Placing the child in a semi-Fowler’s position in an infant seat does not specifically address the cyanotic spell and may not be the most effective position for improving oxygenation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Administering an oral analgesic does not aid in bronchodilation and is not effective in treating laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)10.
Choice B rationale
Assisting with racemic epinephrine nebulizer therapy is the most effective measure in aiding bronchodilation in a child with laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup). Racemic epinephrine helps reduce airway swelling and improve breathing.
Choice C rationale
Urging the child to continue to take oral fluids is important for hydration but does not directly aid in bronchodilation.
Choice D rationale
Teaching the child to take long, slow breaths can help with breathing techniques but is not the most effective measure for bronchodilation.