When performing a cardiovascular assessment, what would the nurse understand about an S3 heart sound? Select all that apply
Can be caused by a poorly compliant (stiff) ventricle
Can occur with congestive heart failure
Heard just after S1
Always pathologic
Correct Answer : A,B,E
A. An S3 is often associated with a stiff or poorly compliant ventricle.
B. An S3 heart sound can be an indication of congestive heart failure in adults, as it reflects increased fluid volume and pressure in the ventricles.
C. S3 is heard just after S2, not S1.
D. The S3 heart sound is not always pathologic. It is often benign in children, adolescents, and young adults, where it may occur due to a rapid filling phase of the ventricles.
E. In adolescents and younger individuals, an S3 heart sound is usually considered a normal finding.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A heave (or lift) often indicates ventricular hypertrophy or enlargement, suggesting increased workload on the heart.
B. Turbulent blood flow may lead to murmurs but is not specifically associated with a heave.
C. A persistently slow heartbeat is referred to as bradycardia and does not correlate with a heave.
D. An extreme pulse deficit relates to discrepancies between heartbeats and palpable pulses but is not linked to a heave.
E. Coronary artery blockage would not directly produce a heave; it typically leads to ischemic changes.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Palpate, inspect, percuss, and then auscultate is not the correct order, as inspection is always performed first.
B. Percuss, palpate, auscultate, and then inspect is incorrect, as inspection should come first.
C. Auscultate, inspect, percuss, and then palpate is also incorrect, as auscultation is typically the last step.
D. Inspect, auscultate, palpate, and then percuss is close but does not follow the standard order.
E. Inspect, palpate, percuss, then auscultate is the correct order for respiratory assessment, allowing for a thorough and systematic approach.