When measuring distance visual acuity, the medical assistant should instruct the patient to do which of the following?
Stand 25 feet from the Snellen chart.
Allow them to squint if necessary.
Keep both eyes open while using the occluder.
Start with the bottom line of the Snellen chart and work upward.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Stand 25 feet from the Snellen chart. The standard distance for testing visual acuity with a Snellen chart is 20 feet, not 25 feet. Testing at 25 feet would not provide accurate results.
B. Allow them to squint if necessary. Squinting can artificially improve vision, leading to inaccurate results. The patient should be instructed to avoid squinting during the test.
C. Keep both eyes open while using the occluder. The patient should use the occluder to cover one eye but keep both eyes open during the test. This ensures that each eye is tested individually without any pressure or distortion from closing the other eye.
D. Start with the bottom line of the Snellen chart and work upward. The patient should start from the top of the Snellen chart and work downward. Starting from the bottom would likely result in frustration and inaccurate assessment as the lines become increasingly difficult.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Deflate the cuff slowly until the last sound is heard. The diastolic reading is determined when the last sound (Korotkoff sound) is heard as the cuff is deflated.
B. Listen for the first sound through the stethoscope: The first sound corresponds to the systolic reading, not the diastolic.
C. Document the reading when the gauge needle jumps: The gauge needle jump is not a reliable indicator of blood pressure readings.
D. Inflate the cuff to at least 180 mm Hg, deflate the cuff slowly, and listen for the first sound: Inflating to 180 mm Hg is unnecessary and might cause discomfort; also, the first sound is the systolic reading, not the diastolic.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A patient who has a breathing disorder: Fowler’s position (sitting with the head of the bed elevated) can help ease breathing difficulties by allowing better lung expansion.
B. A patient who has severe hypotension: Fowler’s position may exacerbate hypotension. A supine or Trendelenburg position might be more appropriate for severe hypotension.
C. A patient who is having a perineal examination: A lithotomy position is generally used for perineal examinations.
D. A patient who is having a rectal examination: The Sims' position is typically used for rectal examinations.