When measuring distance visual acuity, the medical assistant should instruct the patient to do which of the following?
Stand 25 feet from the Snellen chart.
Allow them to squint if necessary.
Keep both eyes open while using the occluder.
Start with the bottom line of the Snellen chart and work upward.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Stand 25 feet from the Snellen chart. The standard distance for testing visual acuity with a Snellen chart is 20 feet, not 25 feet. Testing at 25 feet would not provide accurate results.
B. Allow them to squint if necessary. Squinting can artificially improve vision, leading to inaccurate results. The patient should be instructed to avoid squinting during the test.
C. Keep both eyes open while using the occluder. The patient should use the occluder to cover one eye but keep both eyes open during the test. This ensures that each eye is tested individually without any pressure or distortion from closing the other eye.
D. Start with the bottom line of the Snellen chart and work upward. The patient should start from the top of the Snellen chart and work downward. Starting from the bottom would likely result in frustration and inaccurate assessment as the lines become increasingly difficult.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Alternating current (AC) interference: AC interference is caused by electrical equipment near the EKG machine and appears as uniform, small, rapid spikes. It is not caused by patient movement.
B. Arrhythmia: An arrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm and is related to cardiac function, not patient movement.
C. Somatic tremor: Somatic tremor is caused by voluntary or involuntary muscle movement, such as a patient moving their arm, which creates artifact on the EKG tracing that appears as irregular, erratic spikes.
D. Interrupted baseline: An interrupted baseline occurs when the electrical connection is lost, often due to a lead falling off, not due to patient movement.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Convulsions: Convulsions are not a common complication of phlebotomy; they are unrelated to the procedure.
B. Petechiae: Petechiae are small red spots that can occur but are less common than hematomas in phlebotomy.
C. Hematoma: A hematoma, or bruise, is the most common complication resulting from the accumulation of blood outside the vein after a blood draw.
D. Hypovolemia: Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, is not a common complication from routine phlebotomy.