When does oogenesis begin?
During pubarche
During embryonic development
During thelarche
At birth
The Correct Answer is B
A. During pubarche: Pubarche refers to the onset of puberty, but oogenesis (the formation of oocytes) begins much earlier, during embryonic development.
B. During embryonic development: Oogenesis begins during embryonic development when the female fetus's ovaries form and start producing primary oocytes. These oocytes remain in a suspended state until puberty.
C. During thelarche: Thelarche is the onset of breast development during puberty, but oogenesis starts long before this, during embryonic development.
D. At birth: While primary oocytes are present at birth, the process of oogenesis actually begins during embryonic development, not at birth.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While in a secondary follicle: The ovum completes meiosis only after fertilization, not while in a secondary follicle.
B. While in a primary follicle: The ovum is arrested in prophase I of meiosis while in a primary follicle. Meiosis is not completed until fertilization.
C. During fertilization: The ovum completes meiosis II during fertilization, which is when the second meiotic division is completed.
D. During implantation: Meiosis is not completed during implantation. It is completed at fertilization.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Their filtration rate: Both types of nephrons have similar filtration rates; the difference lies primarily in their structure and location.
B. Their location within the renal cortex: Cortical nephrons are located primarily in the renal cortex, while juxtamedullary nephrons are located closer to the medulla and have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla.
C. The size of their renal corpuscle: The renal corpuscle size does not differ significantly between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
D. Whether they drain into a collecting duct or directly into the renal pelvis: All nephrons drain into a collecting duct; none drain directly into the renal pelvis.