When completing a neurological assessment, which cranial nerves are tested within the mouth?
III, IV, VIII
III, II, VI
IX, X, XII
I, I, III
The Correct Answer is C
A. Cranial nerves III, IV, and VIII are not involved in mouth functions; they primarily deal with eye movements and hearing.
B. Cranial nerves III, II, and VI are involved in vision and eye movement but not in mouth functions.
C. Cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XII (hypoglossal) are all tested through functions such as swallowing, speech, and movement of the tongue, which occur in the mouth.
D. Option D incorrectly lists cranial nerve I twice; cranial nerve I (olfactory) is related to the sense of smell, not the mouth.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a high HCO3- level; this does not match the provided values.
B. Metabolic acidosis would show a low pH and a low HCO3-, which does not match the findings.
C. The pH is high (7.45) while the Paco2 is low (30 mm Hg), indicating respiratory alkalosis. The low HCO3- could be a compensatory mechanism but does not change the primary interpretation of respiratory alkalosis.
D. Respiratory acidosis would be indicated by a low pH and a high Paco2, which is not the case here.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. To determine the heart rate from a rhythm strip, you can count the number of R-R intervals in a set time frame (typically 6 seconds) and multiply by 10 to convert to beats per minute. If the rhythm is regular, you can also use the 300 method by dividing 300 by the number of large squares between R waves. In this case, the rate is calculated to be 90 beats per minute.
B. A heart rate of 110 beats per minute would be classified as tachycardia and is not supported by the observed intervals.
C. A heart rate of 73 beats per minute would be a normal resting heart rate but does not match the calculation from the rhythm strip.
D. A heart rate of 50 beats per minute would indicate bradycardia, which is not reflected in this rhythm strip.