When caring for a patient who has been admitted for his heart failure, the nurse observes that the patient is experiencing bradycardia. Which drug should be administered to patients who develop bradycardia?
Atropine
Cholestyramine
Inamrinone
Milrinone
The Correct Answer is A
A. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication that increases heart rate by blocking vagal effects on the heart, making it the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia.
B. Cholestyramine is a bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol levels and does not have any effects on heart rate.
C. Inamrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used in heart failure for inotropic support but is not specifically indicated for bradycardia management.
D. Milrinone is also a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used for heart failure but does not address bradycardia directly.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Using combination therapy may be beneficial in some cases but is not the first step in ensuring the most appropriate drug is chosen for a specific pathogen.
B. Obtaining sensitivity testing is essential to determine the specific antibiotic to which the pathogen is susceptible, ensuring effective treatment.
C. Checking client allergies is important to prevent adverse reactions but does not directly address whether the chosen drug is appropriate for the pathogen.
D. Evaluating the bactericidal effects is part of assessing the treatment's effectiveness, but it should follow sensitivity testing to determine the correct medication.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Nitrates do not share a cross-sensitivity with penicillin and are safe to use in this client.
B. Tetracycline is a different class of antibiotics and does not have cross-sensitivity with penicillin.
C. Aminoglycosides also do not have cross-sensitivity with penicillin and can be safely administered.
D. Cephalosporins are structurally related to penicillin and have a risk of cross-sensitivity; thus, they should not be given to a client with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin.