What types of cells are present in Hodgkin's lymphoma?
RBC'S
Bence-Jones cells
Stem cells
Reed-Sternberg cell
The Correct Answer is D
A. RBC's: Red blood cells (RBCs) are not indicative of Hodgkin’s lymphoma; they are involved in oxygen transport throughout the body and are not a specific marker for any lymphoma.
B. Bence-Jones Cells: Bence-Jones proteins are light chain proteins found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma, not Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
C. Stem Cells: Stem cells are progenitor cells that can develop into various blood cell types but are not characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma specifically. Reed-Sternberg cells, not stem cells, are the hallmark of this disease.
D. Reed-Sternberg Cell: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, abnormal B cells that are characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Their presence in lymph node tissue is a key diagnostic feature of the disease.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The patient should increase intake of fluids. Increased fluid intake helps flush excess calcium from the kidneys, which is vital for patients with hypercalcemia, a common complication of multiple myeloma.
B. The patient should increase intake of fresh fruits. Fresh fruits can be healthy but do not directly reduce hypercalcemia risk. Fluid intake is more critical in preventing calcium build up.
C. The patient should decrease intake of red meat. While reducing red meat can be beneficial for overall health, it does not directly address hypercalcemia.
D. The patient should avoid alcoholic beverages. Avoiding alcohol is generally beneficial, but it is not specifically related to managing hypercalcemia in multiple myeloma.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Jaw Pain: Jaw pain is not typically associated with a hemolytic transfusion reaction. It may be more relevant in cardiac issues or in rare cases of referred pain, but it is not an indicator of transfusion reaction.
B. Urticaria: Urticaria (hives) is associated with allergic reactions, not specifically with hemolytic reactions. Acute hemolytic reactions are characterized more by systemic symptoms like hypotension and fever.
C. Distended neck veins: Distended neck veins suggest fluid overload or cardiac issues but are not characteristic of an acute hemolytic reaction.
D. Hypotension: Hypotension is a common sign of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. This occurs when the immune system attacks transfused red blood cells, leading to hemolysis, which can cause shock and a drop-in blood pressure.