What signs and symptoms indicate hypoxia? Select all that apply.
Alert and oriented
Cyanosis
Anxiety and restlessness
Oxygen saturation 96%
Capillary refill 5 seconds
Correct Answer : B,C,E
A) Alert and oriented: Being alert and oriented typically indicates adequate oxygenation, not hypoxia. Patients experiencing hypoxia are more likely to show signs of confusion or altered mental status rather than clarity.
B) Cyanosis: Cyanosis is a classic sign of hypoxia, presenting as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to low oxygen levels in the blood. This is a significant indicator of inadequate oxygenation.
C) Anxiety and restlessness: These symptoms are common responses to hypoxia as the body attempts to compensate for insufficient oxygen. Patients may feel anxious or restless as they struggle to breathe or feel a sense of impending doom.
D) Oxygen saturation 96%: An oxygen saturation level of 96% is generally considered normal and indicates adequate oxygenation. Therefore, this finding does not suggest hypoxia.
E) Capillary refill 5 seconds: A prolonged capillary refill time can indicate poor perfusion and potential hypoxia. Inadequate blood flow can lead to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, making this a relevant sign of hypoxia
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Anterior to the elbow: This term describes a location in front of the elbow. While it indicates a direction, it does not specifically address the vertical relationship of the discomfort in relation to the elbow. Since the client described discomfort "above" the elbow, this term is not the most accurate choice.
B) Distal to the elbow: The term "distal" refers to a location that is farther away from the trunk of the body or point of reference. Given that the discomfort is described as being above the elbow, this term is incorrect, as it would imply the discomfort is located toward the hand rather than toward the shoulder.
C) Proximal to the elbow: This term correctly indicates a location closer to the trunk of the body and specifically suggests that the discomfort is situated above the elbow, making it the most appropriate medical terminology to use in this context. It accurately reflects the relationship of the discomfort to the elbow.
D) Inferior to the elbow: "Inferior" refers to a location below another point of reference. Since the discomfort is described as above the elbow, this terminology would not apply and would misrepresent the location of the client’s discomfort.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Idiopathic neuropathy has no known cause: This statement is accurate, as idiopathic neuropathy refers to nerve damage for which no specific cause can be identified despite thorough investigation. The term "idiopathic" literally means "of unknown origin," indicating that the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
B) Idiopathic neuropathy is hereditary in nature: While some neuropathies can be hereditary, idiopathic neuropathy itself is not classified as hereditary since it lacks a defined genetic cause. Hereditary neuropathies are specific types that have a genetic basis.
C) Idiopathic neuropathy is caused by nutritional deficits: Nutritional deficits can lead to various types of neuropathy, but idiopathic neuropathy specifically is characterized by the absence of a known cause. Therefore, attributing it to nutritional deficits would be incorrect.
D) Idiopathic neuropathy is caused by disease or illness: While certain diseases can cause neuropathy, the key characteristic of idiopathic neuropathy is that no specific disease or illness has been identified as the cause. This differentiates it from other neuropathies that are secondary to identifiable conditions.