What is the significance of elevated serum levels of troponin?
This intracellular substance can leak into the blood with cardiac cellular injury or death.
Elevated serum levels of troponin occur because of sustained glycogenolysis.
This substance is elevated when a patient has acute tubular necrosis.
Serum elevation of this acute phase reactant occurs because of tissue injury.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Elevated serum levels of troponin indicate cardiac cellular injury or death. Troponin is a protein released into the bloodstream when heart muscle cells are damaged, such as during a myocardial infarction.
Choice B rationale
Sustained glycogenolysis does not cause elevated troponin levels. Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, primarily occurring in the liver and muscles, not related to troponin release.
Choice C rationale
Acute tubular necrosis does not elevate troponin levels. This condition affects the renal tubules and is typically indicated by elevated creatinine and BUN levels.
Choice D rationale
Troponin is not an acute phase reactant. Acute phase reactants are proteins whose levels change in response to inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), not troponin.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Serum amylase is typically elevated in acute pancreatitis. It is one of the key diagnostic markers for this condition.
Choice B rationale
Serum potassium levels are not typically elevated in acute pancreatitis. Potassium levels are more commonly associated with kidney function and electrolyte balance.
Choice C rationale
Serum calcium levels are usually decreased, not elevated, in acute pancreatitis. Hypocalcemia can occur due to fat saponification in the pancreas.
Choice D rationale
Serum sodium levels are not typically elevated in acute pancreatitis. Sodium levels are more related to overall fluid balance and kidney function.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Meningitis presents with fever, stiff neck, and photophobia. It is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, often caused by infection.
Choice B rationale
Encephalitis involves inflammation of the brain itself, presenting with fever, headache, and altered mental status, but not specifically photophobia.
Choice C rationale
Migraine can cause photophobia and headache but is not typically associated with fever and stiff neck.
Choice D rationale
Sinusitis can cause fever and headache but not typically photophobia and stiff neck.