What is the principal cation of the ECF?
Na+
Ca2+
CL-
K+
The Correct Answer is A
A. Na+: Sodium (Na+) is the principal cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF), which includes interstitial fluid and blood plasma.
B. Ca2+: Calcium (Ca2+) is important in various bodily functions but is not the principal cation in the ECF. Sodium is more predominant in ECF.
C. Cl-: Chloride (Cl-) is the principal anion in the ECF, not a cation. Sodium is the principal cation.
D. K+: Potassium (K+) is the principal cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF), not the ECF. Sodium is the principal cation in the ECF.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Penetrate the vagina: The acrosome does not play a role in penetrating the vagina. Its function is specifically related to the sperm's ability to penetrate the ovum, making this option incorrect.
B. Dissolve the stickiness of the semen: While enzymes do play a role in semen liquefaction, this is not the function of the acrosome. The acrosome is primarily involved in the process of fertilization, not semen modification.
C. Dissolve the mucosa of the uterus: The acrosome is not involved in dissolving the mucosa of the uterus. Its function is related to penetrating the barriers surrounding the ovum.
D. Penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum: The acrosome contains enzymes that break down the outer layers of the ovum (such as the zona pellucida), allowing the sperm to penetrate and fertilize the egg. This is the correct answer.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. It stimulates angiotensin II secretion: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) does not directly stimulate angiotensin II secretion; instead, it acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption.
B. It promotes water conservation: ADH promotes water conservation by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output, and thus helping to maintain fluid balance.
C. It inhibits salivation and thirst: ADH does not inhibit salivation or thirst; in fact, it can increase thirst to encourage fluid intake when dehydration is detected.
D. It stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors: While ADH affects hypothalamic osmoreceptors indirectly by promoting water retention, its primary function is to act on the kidneys to conserve water.