What is the major reason that monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are rarely used in clinical practice today?
They are under a scheduled drug classification.
They are ineffective in treating depression or anxiety disorders.
They can cause gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and esophageal varices.
They may cause dangerous interactions with some foods and drugs.
The Correct Answer is D
A. While MAOIs may have some regulatory considerations, they are not classified under a scheduled drug classification like controlled substances.
B. MAOIs are effective in treating depression and anxiety disorders, which is not the reason for their limited use.
C. Although MAOIs can have some side effects, they are more notably associated with dietary and drug interactions rather than causing GI bleeding or esophageal varices.
D. MAOIs can cause dangerous interactions with foods that contain tyramine (like aged cheeses and fermented products) and certain medications, leading to hypertensive crises, making their use cautious and limiting in clinical practice.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The patient’s statement about the peak of NPH insulin being 6-12 hours is correct; it is important to know when to monitor for hypoglycemia.
B. Taking NPH before breakfast is appropriate, as it is typically given in the morning to provide coverage for meals throughout the day.
C. The duration of NPH insulin lasting for 12-18 hours is accurate, which is crucial for understanding how long the patient can expect blood glucose control.
D. NPH insulin should not be taken right before meals as it does not act quickly enough to cover immediate carbohydrate intake. Rapid-acting insulin is typically used for that purpose, indicating a need for further teaching.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
A. Auscultating bowel sounds is important because anticholinergic agents can decrease gastrointestinal motility, leading to reduced bowel sounds and potential constipation.
B. Monitoring urine output is crucial as anticholinergics can cause urinary retention, and assessing output helps identify any adverse effects on bladder function.
C. Monitoring heart rate is necessary since anticholinergic agents can cause tachycardia as a side effect, making it important to assess the client’s cardiovascular status.
D. Administering an antidiarrheal agent is not typically indicated, as anticholinergic agents often cause constipation rather than diarrhea.
E. Assessing deep tendon reflexes is not directly relevant to the effects of anticholinergic medications and is not typically prioritized in this context.