What is the major reason that monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are rarely used in clinical practice today?
They are under a scheduled drug classification.
They are ineffective in treating depression or anxiety disorders.
They can cause gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and esophageal varices.
They may cause dangerous interactions with some foods and drugs.
The Correct Answer is D
A. While MAOIs may have some regulatory considerations, they are not classified under a scheduled drug classification like controlled substances.
B. MAOIs are effective in treating depression and anxiety disorders, which is not the reason for their limited use.
C. Although MAOIs can have some side effects, they are more notably associated with dietary and drug interactions rather than causing GI bleeding or esophageal varices.
D. MAOIs can cause dangerous interactions with foods that contain tyramine (like aged cheeses and fermented products) and certain medications, leading to hypertensive crises, making their use cautious and limiting in clinical practice.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. An antipsychotic agent, particularly first-generation antipsychotics, can cause extrapyramidal symptoms such as tremors, drooling, gait changes, and spasms due to their dopamine-blocking effects in the brain.
B. An antidiabetic agent does not typically cause these neurological symptoms; its primary effects are related to glucose metabolism.
C. A general anesthetic is used to induce unconsciousness and does not generally result in muscular tremors or drooling.
D. An anticholinergic agent can cause side effects like dry mouth and constipation but does not typically lead to the muscular symptoms described; in fact, it may reduce drooling.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. It has a peak effect of 4-6 hours is incorrect; short-acting insulin typically peaks between 2 to 3 hours after administration.
B. It should be given once daily in the evening is incorrect; short-acting insulin is usually administered before meals, not as a once-daily dose.
C. It starts to take effect within 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration is correct; this timing is critical for managing blood glucose levels during meals.
D. It has a duration of action of 24 hours is incorrect; short-acting insulin usually has a duration of about 3 to 6 hours.