What are the major chemical buffer systems of the body?
The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
The urinary and digestive
The bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
The urinary and respiratory
The Correct Answer is A
A. The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein: The major chemical buffer systems in the body are the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. These buffers help maintain pH balance in the blood and other fluids.
B. The urinary and digestive: The urinary and digestive systems are involved in excretion and digestion, not buffering.
C. The bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein: Nucleic acids are not major buffering systems in the body; the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein systems are the primary ones.
D. The urinary and respiratory systems play roles in regulating acid-base balance through excretion and gas exchange but are not chemical buffer systems themselves.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration: Metabolic water refers to the water produced during metabolic processes within the body. However, most body water intake comes from drinking fluids, not metabolic water.
B. Drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air: While drinking is indeed the main source of water intake, the greatest loss of water from the body is through urine, not cutaneous transpiration and expired air.
C. Drinking; radiation: While drinking is the primary source of water intake, radiation is not a significant way the body loses water.
D. Drinking; urine: Drinking fluids is the main source of water intake, and urine excretion is the primary way the body loses water.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Estrogen is a hormone involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, but it is not the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.
B. Luteinizing hormone (LH) surges just before ovulation but is not the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.
C. Progesterone supports pregnancy by maintaining the uterine lining, but it is not the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.
D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone produced by the placenta shortly after implantation, and it is the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.