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What are the major chemical buffer systems of the body?

A.

The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein

B.

The urinary and digestive

C.

The bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein

D.

The urinary and respiratory

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein: The major chemical buffer systems in the body are the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. These buffers help maintain pH balance in the blood and other fluids.

 

B. The urinary and digestive: The urinary and digestive systems are involved in excretion and digestion, not buffering.

 

C. The bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein: Nucleic acids are not major buffering systems in the body; the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein systems are the primary ones. 

 

D. The urinary and respiratory systems play roles in regulating acid-base balance through excretion and gas exchange but are not chemical buffer systems themselves. 


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. It stimulates angiotensin II secretion: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) does not directly stimulate angiotensin II secretion; instead, it acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption.

B. It promotes water conservation: ADH promotes water conservation by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output, and thus helping to maintain fluid balance.

C. It inhibits salivation and thirst: ADH does not inhibit salivation or thirst; in fact, it can increase thirst to encourage fluid intake when dehydration is detected.

D. It stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors: While ADH affects hypothalamic osmoreceptors indirectly by promoting water retention, its primary function is to act on the kidneys to conserve water.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The neural tube and yolk sac have formed: By 8 weeks, the neural tube and yolk sac have formed, but this is not the criterion for defining a fetus.

B. The amniotic cavity has formed: The formation of the amniotic cavity occurs earlier in development and is not the defining feature of a fetus.

C. All of the organ systems are present: By the end of 8 weeks, the basic structures of all major organ systems are present, which is why the embryo is referred to as a fetus from this point onwards.

D. The mesoderm has formed: The formation of the mesoderm occurs earlier and is not the defining factor for fetal status. By 8 weeks, more significant development, including the presence of organ systems, has occurred.

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