Water output is largely controlled by varying
cutaneous transpiration
drinking
urine volume
sweating
The Correct Answer is C
A. Cutaneous transpiration: While cutaneous transpiration (evaporation of sweat from the skin) contributes to water loss, it is not the primary mechanism controlling water output.
B. Drinking: Drinking affects water intake rather than output. It does not directly control how much water is excreted from the body.
C. Urine volume: Urine volume is the primary means by which the body regulates water output. The kidneys adjust urine volume to maintain fluid balance and homeostasis.
D. Sweating: Sweating contributes to water loss but is not the primary mechanism for controlling overall water output compared to urine production.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone: Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) of the testes to produce and secrete testosterone.
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP): Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the Sertoli cells to produce androgen-binding protein (ABP), but it does not stimulate the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone.
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP): Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the secretion of testosterone, not androgen-binding protein (ABP). ABP is stimulated by FSH.
D. Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen: Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the secretion of testosterone, not estrogen. Estrogen is primarily produced in females and also in males in smaller amounts.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lactateis produced during anaerobic metabolism (when oxygen is scarce) as a byproduct of glycolysis, but it is not the direct product of glycolysis itself.
B. Carbon dioxideis a byproduct of cellular respiration, specifically during the Krebs cycle, not glycolysis.
C. Pyruvateis the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
D. Acetyl-CoAis formed from pyruvate during the transition step before the Krebs cycle, not directly from glycolysis.