Water output is largely controlled by varying
cutaneous transpiration
drinking
urine volume
sweating
The Correct Answer is C
A. Cutaneous transpiration: While cutaneous transpiration (evaporation of sweat from the skin) contributes to water loss, it is not the primary mechanism controlling water output.
B. Drinking: Drinking affects water intake rather than output. It does not directly control how much water is excreted from the body.
C. Urine volume: Urine volume is the primary means by which the body regulates water output. The kidneys adjust urine volume to maintain fluid balance and homeostasis.
D. Sweating: Sweating contributes to water loss but is not the primary mechanism for controlling overall water output compared to urine production.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lactose is a sugar in breast milk and is not the only source of nutrition during the first 2-3 days postpartum.
B. Casein is a protein found in breast milk but not the sole source of nutrition for the infant.
C. Colostrum is the nutrient-rich first milk produced by the mother in the first 2-3 days postpartum and provides essential nutrients and antibodies to the newborn.
D. Meconium is the infant's first stool and not a source of nutrition.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. High HDL: low LDL- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as "good cholesterol" because it helps remove cholesterol from the arteries. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is known as "bad cholesterol" because it can lead to plaque buildup in arteries. A high HDL to low LDL ratio is considered healthy as it is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.
B. High LDL: low chylomicron- High levels of LDL are unhealthy as they increase the risk of plaque formation in arteries, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Chylomicrons are lipoproteins that transport triglycerides and cholesterol from the intestines to other parts of the body.
C. High SFA: low HDL- Saturated fatty acids (SFA) can raise LDL levels and lower HDL levels, leading to an unhealthy lipid profile and increased risk of heart disease.
D. High LDL: low HDL- High LDL and low HDL is an unhealthy combination because it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease due to higher potential for plaque buildup in the arteries.