Water output is largely controlled by varying
cutaneous transpiration
drinking
urine volume
sweating
The Correct Answer is C
A. Cutaneous transpiration: While cutaneous transpiration (evaporation of sweat from the skin) contributes to water loss, it is not the primary mechanism controlling water output.
B. Drinking: Drinking affects water intake rather than output. It does not directly control how much water is excreted from the body.
C. Urine volume: Urine volume is the primary means by which the body regulates water output. The kidneys adjust urine volume to maintain fluid balance and homeostasis.
D. Sweating: Sweating contributes to water loss but is not the primary mechanism for controlling overall water output compared to urine production.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood, but they are not classified as "bad cholesterol."
B. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) is known as "good cholesterol" because it helps remove cholesterol from the arteries.
C. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are referred to as "bad cholesterol" because high levels of LDL can lead to the build-up of plaque in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
D. Chylomicrons are lipoproteins that transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body. They are not classified as "bad cholesterol."
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, aiding in lung expansion, but it does not directly stimulate breathing.
B. CO2 accumulating in the infant's blood: The accumulation of CO2 in the infant's blood is a significant stimulus for the first breath after birth. High levels of CO2 trigger the infant's respiratory centers to start breathing.
C. Prostaglandins are involved in labor and delivery but do not directly stimulate breathing in the newborn.
D. An increased O2 level in the infant's new environment: Increased O2 levels do not directly stimulate breathing; rather, the accumulation of CO2 is the primary stimulus.