Water output is largely controlled by varying
cutaneous transpiration
drinking
urine volume
sweating
The Correct Answer is C
A. Cutaneous transpiration: While cutaneous transpiration (evaporation of sweat from the skin) contributes to water loss, it is not the primary mechanism controlling water output.
B. Drinking: Drinking affects water intake rather than output. It does not directly control how much water is excreted from the body.
C. Urine volume: Urine volume is the primary means by which the body regulates water output. The kidneys adjust urine volume to maintain fluid balance and homeostasis.
D. Sweating: Sweating contributes to water loss but is not the primary mechanism for controlling overall water output compared to urine production.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Renal corpuscle: Blood plasma is filtered in the renal corpuscle, which includes the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
B. Renal capsule: The renal capsule is the outer protective layer of the kidney and does not filter blood plasma.
C. Renal tubule: The renal tubule is involved in reabsorption and secretion, not in the initial filtration of blood plasma.
D. Renal column: The renal column is a structural part of the kidney, not involved in filtering blood plasma.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lactose is a sugar in breast milk and is not the only source of nutrition during the first 2-3 days postpartum.
B. Casein is a protein found in breast milk but not the sole source of nutrition for the infant.
C. Colostrum is the nutrient-rich first milk produced by the mother in the first 2-3 days postpartum and provides essential nutrients and antibodies to the newborn.
D. Meconium is the infant's first stool and not a source of nutrition.