Twins produced when a single egg is fertilized are called ______________twins. Twins produced from two eggs ovulated at the same time are called ______________ twins.
monozygotic; dizygotic
dizygotic; monozygotic
monozygotic; identical
dizygotic; nonidentical
The Correct Answer is A
A. Monozygotic; dizygotic: Monozygotic twins are identical twins that result from the division of a single fertilized egg. Dizygotic twins, or fraternal twins, result from the fertilization of two separate eggs.
B. Dizygotic; monozygotic: This is the reverse of the correct order. Dizygotic twins come from two eggs, and monozygotic twins come from one egg.
C. Monozygotic; identical: Monozygotic twins are identical, but this choice does not mention dizygotic twins, which makes it incomplete.
D. Dizygotic; nonidentical: While dizygotic twins are nonidentical, this choice does not properly define the types of twins produced by a single egg (monozygotic).
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein: The major chemical buffer systems in the body are the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. These buffers help maintain pH balance in the blood and other fluids.
B. The urinary and digestive: The urinary and digestive systems are involved in excretion and digestion, not buffering.
C. The bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein: Nucleic acids are not major buffering systems in the body; the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein systems are the primary ones.
D. The urinary and respiratory systems play roles in regulating acid-base balance through excretion and gas exchange but are not chemical buffer systems themselves.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); parietal cells: Pepsinogen is produced by chief cells, and it is activated into pepsin by hydrochloric acid (HCl) secreted by parietal cells.
B. Chief cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH); parietal cells: Chief cells produce pepsinogen, but it is not activated by carbonic anhydrase. Instead, it is activated by HCl.
C. Parietal cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH); chief cells: Pepsinogen is produced by chief cells, not parietal cells, and its activation involves HCl, not carbonic anhydrase.
D. Parietal cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); chief cells: Pepsinogen is produced by chief cells, not parietal cells, and is activated by HCl.