Twins produced when a single egg is fertilized are called ______________twins. Twins produced from two eggs ovulated at the same time are called ______________ twins.
monozygotic; dizygotic
dizygotic; monozygotic
monozygotic; identical
dizygotic; nonidentical
The Correct Answer is A
A. Monozygotic; dizygotic: Monozygotic twins are identical twins that result from the division of a single fertilized egg. Dizygotic twins, or fraternal twins, result from the fertilization of two separate eggs.
B. Dizygotic; monozygotic: This is the reverse of the correct order. Dizygotic twins come from two eggs, and monozygotic twins come from one egg.
C. Monozygotic; identical: Monozygotic twins are identical, but this choice does not mention dizygotic twins, which makes it incomplete.
D. Dizygotic; nonidentical: While dizygotic twins are nonidentical, this choice does not properly define the types of twins produced by a single egg (monozygotic).
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, not HCl.
B. Parietal cells in the stomach lining are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl). This acid is crucial for digestion and killing pathogens.
C. Mucous cells secrete mucus, which protects the stomach lining from the acidic environment. They do not secrete HCl.
D. Regenerative (stem) cells are involved in the renewal of the stomach lining, but they do not secrete HCl.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. It increases both Na+ and K+ secretion: Aldosterone increases sodium (Na+) reabsorption and potassium (K+) secretion, but it does not increase the secretion of both ions.
B. It causes the urine to be more diluted. Aldosterone causes the urine to be more concentrated by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.
C. It reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Aldosterone actually increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, not reduces them.
D. It increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys and increases potassium secretion, leading to more concentrated urine.