The risk of experiencing serotonin syndrome is increased when SSRIs are given with monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as phenelzine (Nardil). Serotonin syndrome is best characterized in which of the following?
Tea-colored urine and constipation
A productive cough and vomiting
Muscle rigidity and high fever
Hypotension and urinary retention
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Tea-colored urine and constipation are not characteristic symptoms of serotonin syndrome. These symptoms may indicate other medical conditions but are not related to the excessive accumulation of serotonin in the body.
Choice B reason:
A productive cough and vomiting are not typical symptoms of serotonin syndrome. While vomiting can occur in severe cases, a productive cough is unrelated to serotonin syndrome and more indicative of respiratory conditions.
Choice C reason:
Muscle rigidity and high fever are hallmark symptoms of serotonin syndrome. This condition results from an excess of serotonin in the central nervous system and can lead to severe autonomic instability, hyperthermia, and neuromuscular abnormalities. Immediate medical intervention is required to manage these symptoms and prevent complications.
Choice D reason:
Hypotension and urinary retention are not primary symptoms of serotonin syndrome. While autonomic dysfunction can occur, the key features of serotonin syndrome include neuromuscular hyperactivity, autonomic instability, and altered mental status.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Hopelessness with poor concentration is a common symptom of major depression. Individuals with depression often feel a pervasive sense of hopelessness and find it difficult to concentrate on tasks or make decisions.
Choice B reason:
Increased energy is not a typical symptom of major depression. In fact, individuals with depression often experience fatigue and a lack of energy. Increased energy may be more indicative of a manic episode in bipolar disorder.
Choice C reason:
Difficulty falling asleep and early morning awakening are common symptoms of major depression. Sleep disturbances, including insomnia and early morning awakening, are frequently reported by individuals with depression.
Choice D reason:
Anhedonia, or the loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities, is a hallmark symptom of major depression. Individuals with depression often find it difficult to experience joy or satisfaction in activities they once found pleasurable.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Anger is one of the stages of grief according to Kubler-Ross. Edward’s statement about wanting to punch his aunt reflects feelings of frustration and anger, which are common during this stage. Anger can be directed at various targets, including loved ones, healthcare providers, or even the deceased.
Choice B reason:
Denial is the initial stage of grief where individuals may refuse to accept the reality of the loss. Edward’s statement does not indicate denial but rather an active expression of anger and frustration.
Choice C reason:
Acceptance is the final stage of grief where individuals come to terms with the loss. Edward’s statement indicates unresolved anger, suggesting that he has not yet reached the stage of acceptance.
Choice D reason:
Bargaining involves making deals or promises in an attempt to reverse or lessen the loss. Edward’s statement does not reflect bargaining but rather anger towards his aunt for not informing him sooner.