The nursery nurse is receiving a report on her assigned 4 neonates. Which of the following conditions is high risk for unconjugated bilirubin and jaundice?
Microcephaly.
Polydactyly.
Caput succedaneum.
Cephalohematoma.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Microcephaly is not typically associated with an increased risk of unconjugated bilirubin and jaundice.
Choice B rationale
Polydactyly is a congenital condition involving extra fingers or toes and is not associated with an increased risk of unconjugated bilirubin and jaundice.
Choice C rationale
Caput succedaneum is a condition involving swelling of the scalp in a newborn and is not typically associated with an increased risk of unconjugated bilirubin and jaundice.
Choice D rationale
Cephalohematoma is a collection of blood between a baby’s scalp and the skull bone. It is associated with an increased risk of unconjugated bilirubin and jaundice due to the breakdown of red blood cells in the hematoma. .
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Monitoring blood glucose levels frequently is important for newborns, especially those at risk for hypoglycemia. However, it does not directly prevent jaundice. Jaundice is caused by elevated bilirubin levels, which are not directly related to blood glucose levels.
Choice B rationale
Beginning phototherapy immediately is a treatment for jaundice, not a preventive measure. Phototherapy is used to reduce high bilirubin levels in newborns who already have jaundice.
Choice C rationale
Initiating early feeding is an effective way to prevent jaundice in newborns. Early feeding helps promote regular bowel movements, which aids in the excretion of bilirubin from the body, thereby reducing the risk of jaundice.
Choice D rationale
Preparing for a blood transfusion is a treatment for severe jaundice, not a preventive measure. Blood transfusions are used in cases of extreme hyperbilirubinemia that do not respond to other treatments.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Newborns are not born with fully developed immune responses. Their immune system is immature and continues to develop after birth. They rely on maternal antibodies for initial protection.
Choice B rationale
Newborns do not have a mature gut microbiome immediately after birth. The gut microbiome develops over time and is influenced by factors such as breastfeeding and exposure to the environment.
Choice C rationale
Newborns do not rely solely on their innate immune system. They receive passive immunity from maternal antibodies transferred through the placenta and colostrum, which provides initial protection against infections.
Choice D rationale
Newborns receive passive immunity through the placenta and colostrum, but their own immune system is not fully functional until several months of age. This passive immunity helps protect them from infections during the early months of life.