The nurse suspects the patient has increased cardiac afterload. Which piece of equipment should the nurse obtain to determine the presence of this condition?
Yankauer suction tip catheter
Blood pressure cuff
Oxygen cannula
Pulse oximeter
The Correct Answer is B
A. A Yankauer suction tip catheter is used for suctioning secretions and does not assess cardiac function or afterload.
B. A blood pressure cuff is essential for measuring blood pressure, which can indicate increased afterload through elevated systemic vascular resistance.
C. An oxygen cannula is used for delivering supplemental oxygen and does not provide information about cardiac afterload.
D. A pulse oximeter measures oxygen saturation, which is not directly related to assessing cardiac afterload.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. An increase in heart rate does not directly affect hemoglobin levels; this option is incorrect.
B. A higher heart rate decreases diastolic filling time, as there is less time for the heart to fill between beats, which can lead to reduced stroke volume.
C. An increased heart rate does not inherently increase stroke volume; in fact, at very high rates, stroke volume can decrease due to reduced filling time.
D. The significant increase in heart rate to 164 beats/min can lead to decreased cardiac output due to compromised diastolic filling and reduced stroke volume.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Continuing with the injection after seeing blood return increases the risk of injecting into a blood vessel, which is not safe for IM injections.
B. Administering at a slower rate does not address the issue of possible intravascular injection.
C. If blood is aspirated, the correct procedure is to withdraw the needle, dispose of the medication, and prepare a new dose to prevent intravascular administration, as IM injections are meant to be given into muscle tissue, not into a vein.
D. Pulling the needle back slightly is not recommended because it does not ensure that the needle is completely out of the blood vessel.