The nurse suspects the patient has increased cardiac afterload. Which piece of equipment should the nurse obtain to determine the presence of this condition?
Yankauer suction tip catheter
Blood pressure cuff
Oxygen cannula
Pulse oximeter
The Correct Answer is B
A. A Yankauer suction tip catheter is used for suctioning secretions and does not assess cardiac function or afterload.
B. A blood pressure cuff is essential for measuring blood pressure, which can indicate increased afterload through elevated systemic vascular resistance.
C. An oxygen cannula is used for delivering supplemental oxygen and does not provide information about cardiac afterload.
D. A pulse oximeter measures oxygen saturation, which is not directly related to assessing cardiac afterload.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The tuberculin test is administered intradermally, and the needle should be inserted at a 15-degree angle to ensure the medication is delivered just under the surface of the skin.
B. A 90-degree angle is used for intramuscular injections, not for intradermal tests like the tuberculin test.
C. A 30-degree angle is commonly used for subcutaneous injections and is too deep for an intradermal injection.
D. A 45-degree angle is also used for subcutaneous injections but is not suitable for intradermal injections.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. An increase in heart rate does not directly affect hemoglobin levels; this option is incorrect.
B. A higher heart rate decreases diastolic filling time, as there is less time for the heart to fill between beats, which can lead to reduced stroke volume.
C. An increased heart rate does not inherently increase stroke volume; in fact, at very high rates, stroke volume can decrease due to reduced filling time.
D. The significant increase in heart rate to 164 beats/min can lead to decreased cardiac output due to compromised diastolic filling and reduced stroke volume.