The nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of an assigned client and notes the laboratory report results
pH of 7.30, [normal pH is 7.35 to 7.45]
Paco2 of 58 mm Hg, [Normal Paco2 is 35 to 45 mm Hg]
Pao2 of 80 mm Hg. [normal is 80-100]
HCO3 of 27 mEq/L (27 mmol/L). [Normal HCO3 is 22-26]
The nurse interprets that the client has which acid-base disturbance?
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Respiratory acidosis: The pH is low (indicating acidosis), and the Paco₂ is elevated, which signifies that carbon dioxide retention is causing the acidosis. This pattern indicates respiratory acidosis, as the elevated HCO₃ suggests a compensatory response.
B. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis would show a high pH with a low Paco₂. This is not consistent with the client’s lab results.
C. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis would show a low pH with a low HCO₃. In this case, the HCO₃ is slightly elevated, ruling out metabolic acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis would show a high pH with an elevated HCO₃, which does not match the client’s results.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Flexion refers to bending the joint, which does not apply when turning the palm down.
B. Supination is the movement of turning the palm up, which is the opposite of what is being tested here.
C. Rotation refers to the circular movement around a central point, but it does not specifically describe the action of turning the palm down.
D. Pronation is the movement of turning the palm down, which is exactly what the client is doing when asked to perform this maneuver.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Wheezes are continuous high-pitched sounds that occur during expiration (or sometimes inspiration) and are common in conditions like asthma due to narrowed airways.
B. Crackles are discontinuous sounds often described as popping or crackling and are not typically high-pitched.
C. Rhonchi are low-pitched, snoring-like sounds caused by the obstruction of larger airways and are not characterized as high-pitched.
D. Stridor is a high-pitched sound usually associated with upper airway obstruction and is not typically heard with asthma.