The nurse prepares to assess the patient's cranial nerves. Which tool is necessary to assess cranial nerve (CN) III (oculomotor)?
Otoscope
Penlight
Cotton ball
Lavender
The Correct Answer is B
A. An otoscope is used to examine the ear canal and tympanic membrane, not to assess cranial nerve III. This tool is more relevant for assessing cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear), which is responsible for hearing and balance.
B. A penlight is used to assess CN III (oculomotor) by evaluating the pupil's response to light and the ability to move the eye. This nerve controls most of the eye's movements, including constriction of the pupil in response to light.
C. A cotton ball is used to test the sensory function of cranial nerve V (trigeminal), which is responsible for facial sensation. It is not used for assessing CN III.
D. Lavender or other scents may be used to test CN I (olfactory), responsible for the sense of smell, but it is not related to CN III, which governs eye movements and pupil reactions.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Assessing pupils is important, but it provides only partial information about the overall neurologic status and does not give a comprehensive picture of improvement or deterioration.
B. Vital signs can indicate some changes in condition but are not specific to neurologic status and do not provide detailed insight into cognitive or motor function.
C. Performing serial Glasgow Coma Scales allows for a standardized and objective assessment of a patient's level of consciousness, motor responses, and verbal responses over time, making it the most effective method to evaluate neurologic status.
D. The Mini Mental Status Exam provides useful information about cognitive function but may not capture acute changes in neurologic status as effectively as the Glasgow Coma Scale.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While using the correct needle size is important for insulin administration, it is not the most critical aspect of discharge planning. The focus should be on managing blood glucose levels and recognizing when medical intervention is needed.
B. Monitoring the skin for dryness at the injection site is a good practice, but it is not the most urgent issue to address in discharge planning for a newly diagnosed diabetic client.
C. Consistently elevated blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL may indicate poor control of diabetes and require prompt adjustments in treatment. Teaching the client to recognize and report hyperglycemia is essential to prevent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
D. Eye exams are important for long-term diabetes management to monitor for diabetic retinopathy, but every 3 months is excessive. Annual eye exams are typically sufficient unless otherwise indicated by the healthcare provider.