The nurse preceptor is teaching about the physiology of the fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern. Which statement by the student indicates a lack of understanding?
Vagus nerve stimulation increases FHR variability.
Baroreceptors are responsible for regulating blood pressure.
The autonomic nervous system controls the FHR.
Chemoreceptors respond to changes in blood gas levels.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
This statement is incorrect. Vagus nerve stimulation actually decreases FHR variability. The vagus nerve, part of the parasympathetic nervous system, slows the heart rate and reduces variability.
Choice B rationale
This statement is correct. Baroreceptors are sensors located in blood vessels that help regulate blood pressure by detecting changes in the stretch of the vessel walls. They play a crucial role in maintaining stable blood pressure levels.
Choice C rationale
This statement is correct. The autonomic nervous system, which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, controls the fetal heart rate. It regulates the balance between heart rate acceleration and deceleration.
Choice D rationale
This statement is correct. Chemoreceptors respond to changes in blood gas levels, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. They help regulate respiratory and cardiovascular responses to maintain homeostasis.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
This statement is incorrect because Stage 2 of labor does not involve the delivery of the placenta. Stage 2 starts with the complete dilation and effacement of the cervix and ends with the delivery of the fetus. The delivery of the placenta occurs in Stage 3 of labor.
Choice B rationale
This statement is correct. Stage 2 of labor begins with complete effacement and dilation of the cervix. This stage is characterized by the mother pushing and the eventual delivery of the baby.
Choice C rationale
This statement is also correct. Stage 2 starts when the cervix is fully dilated, allowing the mother to start pushing. This stage continues until the baby is born.
Choice D rationale
This statement is incorrect. Stage 2 ends with the delivery of the fetus, not the placenta. The delivery of the placenta is part of Stage 3 of labor.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A non-stress test (NST) is a common initial assessment for decreased fetal movement. It evaluates fetal heart rate patterns in response to fetal movements, providing information about fetal well-being and oxygenation.
Choice B rationale
A biophysical profile (BPP) is a more comprehensive assessment that includes an NST and ultrasound evaluation of fetal movements, tone, breathing, and amniotic fluid volume. It may be ordered if the NST results are non-reassuring or if there are other concerns.
Choice C rationale
An ultrasound can provide valuable information about fetal growth, amniotic fluid volume, and placental function. It may be used in conjunction with other tests but is not the first-line assessment for decreased fetal movement.
Choice D rationale
Amniocentesis is an invasive procedure used for specific indications, such as genetic testing or assessing fetal lung maturity. It is not typically used for initial assessment of decreased fetal movement.