The nurse knows the rationale for combination chemotherapy is to:
limit episodes of anticipatory and delayed emesis
lessen the client's risk of developing neutropenia
decrease time intervals between remission
broaden range of cell kill while minimizing toxicities to the client
The Correct Answer is D
A. While limiting emesis is important in cancer treatment, combination chemotherapy primarily focuses on improving efficacy and minimizing toxicities, not specifically targeting nausea and vomiting episodes.
B. Combination chemotherapy can actually increase the risk of neutropenia due to the cumulative effects of multiple agents, as each may independently lower white blood cell counts.
C. Decreasing time intervals between remission is not a primary goal of combination chemotherapy; rather, it aims to achieve better overall treatment outcomes.
D. The main rationale for using combination chemotherapy is to broaden the range of cancer cell kill through different mechanisms of action while minimizing the side effects associated with higher doses of a single agent. This approach can improve treatment efficacy and reduce the likelihood of resistance.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is not a direct risk factor for colorectal cancer; in some cases, it may reduce risk due to weight loss and dietary changes.
B. A high fiber, low fat diet is considered protective against colorectal cancer rather than a risk factor.
C. A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, significantly increases the risk for developing colorectal cancer due to chronic inflammation and cellular changes in the colon.
D. Having a distant relative with colorectal cancer may increase risk, but the personal history of inflammatory bowel disease is a stronger risk factor warranting emphasis in teaching.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A profound feeling of tiredness is a common side effect of radiation therapy due to fatigue caused by the treatment itself and the body's response to cancer.
B. Renal impairment is not a typical direct side effect of radiation therapy for esophageal cancer; it is more commonly associated with treatments targeting the kidneys or systemic therapies.
C. Expectoration of frothy sputum may indicate pulmonary issues or fluid overload but is not a common side effect specifically related to radiation therapy for esophageal cancer.
D. Development of bone marrow suppression is possible but less common specifically with radiation therapy compared to chemotherapy, which is more directly associated with this side effect.