The nurse is working with a group of clients. Which clients are at risk for developing skin cancer? Which assessment findings are at risk for skin cancer (Select all 3 that apply)?
The client who experienced numbness in the right arm that has resolved after several hours.
The client who has worked in the beauty parlor providing pedicures and manicures
The client with a fair skin complexion and blue eyes
The client who smokes 20 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 15 years.
The client who is a roofer and spends a lot of time outdoors participating in sports with complaints of blistering sunburns
Correct Answer : C,D,E
A. Numbness in the right arm is not a risk factor for skin cancer; it is more related to neurological issues or circulation problems.
B. While working in a beauty parlor may involve exposure to certain chemicals, it is not a significant risk factor for skin cancer compared to other options.
C. A client with a fair skin complexion and blue eyes has a higher risk for skin cancer due to lower melanin levels, making them more susceptible to UV damage.
D. Smoking is primarily associated with lung cancer; however, it can also contribute to skin damage and increased risk for skin cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma.
E. A roofer who spends a lot of time outdoors and experiences blistering sunburns is at significant risk for skin cancer due to excessive UV exposure and history of severe sunburns.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Petechiae are small, pinpoint hemorrhages and are considered objective data that can be observed and documented by the nurse.
B. Blood pressure is a vital sign and objective data that can be measured using a sphygmomanometer.
C. Cyanosis is a physical sign indicating low oxygenation in the blood and is objective data that can be observed.
D. Nausea is a subjective symptom reported by the client, reflecting their internal experience and cannot be measured or observed directly.
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E","F"]
Explanation
A. Hypoactive oil and sweat glands: Pregnancy typically causes increased activity in oil and sweat glands, not decreased.
B. Increased skin pigmentation: Increased pigmentation is common during pregnancy, often affecting areas like the areolas and abdomen.
C. Persistent migraine headaches: While some women may experience headaches in pregnancy, they are not an expected or typical finding and may require further assessment.
D. Facial edema: Mild facial edema can occur as pregnancy progresses, especially due to increased blood volume and fluid retention.
E. Melasma: Melasma, or "mask of pregnancy," is a common finding characterized by dark patches on the face due to hormonal changes.
F. Linea nigra: Linea nigra is a dark line that often appears on the abdomen during pregnancy as a result of hormonal changes.