The nurse is teaching the parent of a child with hemophilia. Which of the following statements by the parent demonstrates understanding about preventing bleeding episodes?
"My son will have to grow a beard."
"My son will have to avoid contact sports."
"My son will have to avoid fresh foods such as fruit in his diet."
"My son will always have to live near a major hospital."
The Correct Answer is B
A. "My son will have to grow a beard." Growing a beard is irrelevant to managing hemophilia and preventing bleeding.
B. "My son will have to avoid contact sports." Avoiding contact sports is essential for children with hemophilia to reduce the risk of trauma and bleeding episodes due to their clotting factor deficiency.
C. "My son will have to avoid fresh foods such as fruit in his diet." Fresh foods like fruits do not pose a bleeding risk for hemophilia; dietary restrictions are generally unnecessary in managing this condition.
D. "My son will always have to live near a major hospital."While proximity to a healthcare facility can be helpful in emergencies, this is not a requirement for managing hemophilia, nor does it directly prevent bleeding episodes.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The spleen is the primary site for platelet destruction. In ITP, the spleen often sequesters and destroys platelets, leading to low platelet levels. Removing the spleen reduces platelet destruction and can help increase platelet counts in affected patients.
B. The spleen is at risk for infection due to the critical loss of WBCs. While infection risk increases after splenectomy, this is not the rationale for the procedure. The spleen does play a role in immune function, but splenectomy is indicated for reducing platelet destruction, not infection prevention.
C. Your spleen is making too many platelets. The spleen does not produce platelets; rather, it filters and sometimes destroys them, particularly in ITP. This choice does not accurately reflect the pathophysiology of ITP.
D. The spleen causes an overabundance of immature platelets. The spleen does not cause an increase in immature platelets. In ITP, platelets are destroyed, not overproduced.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Activity intolerance related to tissue hypoxia: Pernicious anemia leads to a decrease in the body’s ability to carry oxygen due to a lack of intrinsic factor and subsequent vitamin B12 deficiency, resulting in tissue hypoxia. This can cause fatigue and activity intolerance as the body struggles to meet its oxygen demands.
B. Ineffective airway clearance related to dyspnea: Dyspnea may occur, but ineffective airway clearance is not directly related to pernicious anemia, as this condition primarily affects oxygen transport, not the airway.
C. Risk for infection related to reduction in white blood cells (WBCs): Pernicious anemia primarily affects red blood cells due to vitamin B12 deficiency; it does not typically lead to a reduction in white blood cells.
D. Chronic pain related to bone marrow dysfunction: While bone marrow may be affected in some anemias, chronic pain is not a typical symptom of pernicious anemia, and bone marrow dysfunction is not usually present.